From Fedora Project Wiki
(accepted by FESCo at 2008-12-10 meeting)
 
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= Feature Name =
= Feature Name =
DNSSEC - Secure our DNS servers
DNSSEC - Enable DNSSEC and DLV security extensions for DNS and prime validating resolvers with DNSSEC keys. This feature has been included in Fedora 11
 
This page has been obsoleted by:
 
 
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/DNSSEC_on_workstations
 
 
 


== Summary ==
== Summary ==
DNSSEC (DNS SECurity) is mechanism which can prove integrity and autenticity of DNS data. It became important after new DNS poisonning attacks which were found recently. The most widely used servers should be DNSSEC aware by default (bind, unbound)
DNSSEC (DNS SECurity) is mechanism which provides integrity and authenticity of DNS data. It became more important after new Kaminsky DNS poisoning attacks were found in early 2008. The most widely used recursing nameservers support DNSSEC. We currently support it for [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/bind bind] and [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/unbound unbound].


== Owner ==
== Owner ==
Line 10: Line 18:


== Current status ==
== Current status ==
* Targeted release: [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}} | {{FedoraVersion|long|next}} ]]  
* Targeted release: [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||11}} | {{FedoraVersion|long|next}} ]]  
* Last updated: 2008-12-02
* Last updated: 2009-04-15
* Percentage of completion: 80%
* Percentage of completion: 100%


== Detailed Description ==
== Detailed Description ==
Important servers already support DNSSEC. Main problem is key distribution.
Important DNS nameserver software and some TLD's already support DNSSEC. Main problem is key distribution. A full validation path would start at the root (".") but it is not likely that the root will be signed very soon. There are two methods for working around not having a signed root:
* Using Trust Anchor Repositories (TAR's or "batched TAR") for TLD keys
* Using DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV or "live TAR") for enduser domains within an unsigned TLD.


Those problems have to be solved:
This feature adds support for both TAR and DLV support, using the following approach:  
* supply initial set of DNSSEC keys - especially as long as the Root is not signed (via dnssec-keys package)
 
* allow easy way to enable/disable DNSSEC (via dnssec-configure and some system-config-dnssec tool)
* supply initial set of DNSSEC keys for TLD's (and perhaps some "very important domains")  as long as the root is not signed. This is done via [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/dnssec-conf dnssec-conf]) (completed)
* allow to use ISC DLV registry (via dnssec-configure from dnssec-keys package)
* allow easy way to enable/disable DNSSEC via commandline tool dnssec-configure from the  dnssec-conf package (completed)  
* support for automated updates of DNSSEC trust anchors (via autotrust package)
* allow configuration of any DLV Registry, with the default set to [http://dlv.isc.org ISC], using the above two mentioned tools (completed)
* support for automated Trust Anchor Rollovers from DNS information via the [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/nameautotrust autotrust] package using secure RFC5011 update mechanism. This is in addition to updates supplied via the dnssec-conf package. (completed)


== Benefit to Fedora ==
== Benefit to Fedora ==
Our servers will be "invulnerable" against cache poisonning, spoofing and other known DNS attacks
Our servers (and clients) will be able to use DNSSEC, and be safer against cache poisoning, Kaminsky attacks, spoofing and other known DNS attacks. Fedora machines will also be able to use signed TLD's and individually signed domains in DLV without any additional administration. For example, right now that already includes DNSSEC for the entire .gov domain, plus a handful of TLD's and a few dozen in-arpa domains including the ENUM zone.


== Scope ==
== Scope ==
* create and add package which will supply initial set of DNSSEC keys
* create and add a package dnssec-conf which will supply initial set of DNSSEC keys to machines. (completed)
* enable DNSSEC in bind and unbound default configurations and include supplied DNSSEC keys
* Do not yet enable DNSSEC in default bind and unbound configurations. But make it trivially easy to enable DNSSEC via dnssec-conf. (completed)
* add "autotrust" tool which is implementation of RFC 5011 - Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors
* create commandline tool (dnssec-configure from the dnssec-conf package) that will easily enable/disable DNSSEC and which allows to switch between DLV Registries and supplied DNSSEC keys (completed)
* create commandline tool which will easily enable/disable DNSSEC and which allows to switch between DLV and supplied DNSSEC keys (= trust anchors)
* add the "autotrust" package which implements RFC 5011 - "Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors". This package includes a daily cronjob that will try to update any configured DNSSEC trust anchors from the dnssec-conf package, and any manually installed trust anchors by the administrator. (completed)
* create system-config-dnssec GUI tool to enable / disable the most important features (70% done)
* Update the Bind and Unbound packages so the default configurations enable DNSSEC for Fedora-11
 
== How To Install ==
<pre>
yum install bind-utils
yum install bind (or unbound or both)
service named start (or unbound or both)
</pre>
 
This installation should bring in dnssec-conf. Starting the daemon once will update the DNSSEC and DLV settings for the daemons. Settings can be changed in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec
You can verify the installation and configuration using:
 
<pre>
dnssec-configure -s
</pre>


== How To Test ==
DNSSEC is enabled per default. DLV is also enabled per default, and uses [http://dlv.isc.org dlv.isc.org] as the DLV Registry. If you want to disable DNSSEC or DLV, edit /etc/sysconfig/dnssec. After changing this file, restart the daemon you were using:
Check that DNSSEC aware servers work fine.
Make sure /etc/resolv.conf points to a DNSSEC enabled nameserver (eg localhost), then run:
<pre>
<pre>
  dig +multiline +dnssec forged.test.xelerance.com @yournameserverip
  service named restart (or service unbound restart)
</pre>
</pre>
This should produce a ServFail answer. Run:
 
For the GUI, use
 
<pre>
<pre>
  dig +multiline +dnssec +cd forged.test.xelerance.com @yournameserverip
  yum install system-config-dnssec
</pre>
</pre>
This should produce the forged/broken answer despite its known forgery.
 
Navigate to System->Administration->DNSSEC
 
(system-config-dnssec is not yet finished)
 
== How to Test ==
<pre>
<pre>
  dig +multiline +dnssec dnssec.se
  dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @localhost
</pre>
</pre>
This should produce an answer with the Authenticated Data bit ("ad") set:
You should see the AD ("Authenticated Data") bit in the reply, as well as the RRSIG signature record:
<pre>
<pre>
$ dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @127.0.0.1
; <<>> DiG 9.5.1b3-RedHat-9.5.1-0.9.b3.fc10 <<>> +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @localhost
;; global options:  printcmd
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23220
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14948
;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
 
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gov. IN NS
 
;; ANSWER SECTION:
gov. 259188 IN NS G.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN NS A.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN NS C.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN NS E.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN NS D.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN NS F.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN NS B.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov. 259188 IN RRSIG NS 7 1 259200 20090309210102 (
20090304210102 31802 gov.
N1azd+3+CfHD4YIMukC/cGlNBTvaG6gDOa7KmSy+MmjI
hWiJv+1bHuj3caDrJ98vR4KuyS7xCb/q5J7ParrjtLYV
YWxnB6dDdX8cyhB9NjAuwOmCrmXIM9/3uedKwpbuQK1z
ktWuHp0xbQT1bkxKnqZswASqbqB96lvfryWsAH01M9b9
AOA/FP/iefWLGD/JaDCEfy2DtD2tke7hXNIQZICegoye
oK1VhiOgkRYv6iEdYIH/pBztsP+DfaD5+hdBjQp2/P5b
7LflyjK2S26ZSZ3LAxDgWZGDvCFngCozSaoLq16RO4DU
vVPg33HHycdslVP2s+mtthkW9wcAC9+IMA== )
 
;; Query time: 122 msec
;; SERVER: 193.110.157.136#53(193.110.157.136)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar  4 18:07:11 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 451
</pre>
If you want to see more DNSSEC related records run:
<pre>
dig +multiline +dnssec -t any gov. @localhost
</pre>
 
To test the DLV, try to resolve a known DLV entry that does not occur in a DNSSEC signed zone (and is not loaded explicitely, such as dlv.isc.org), for example:
<pre>
dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns isc.org.
</pre>
 
To verify that forged/broken data is properly refused, you can test against some test zones:
<pre>
dig +multiline +dnssec forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost
</pre>
This should produce a ServFail answer. To force getting the known bad answer, run:
<pre>
dig +multiline +dnssec +cd forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost
</pre>
This should produce the forged/broken answer despite its known forgery.
 
To test the denial of existence, you can query a non-existing domain in a dnssec siged zone, eg:
<pre>
dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns thisdoesnotexist.se.
</pre>
</pre>
This should return a the same "AD" bit, as well as an NSEC record. In this case:
<pre>
thisdesertlife.se. 7200 IN NSEC thisell.se. NS RRSIG NSEC
</pre>
This is a signed response saying your domain thisdoesnotexist.se does not exist. The signed entry here starts with "thisdesertlife.se." and the next record is "thisell.se". Since "thisdoesnotexist.se" would fall in between these two, this (sgned) record would only exist if "thisdoesnotexist.se" would not exist. To avoid revealing other domain names, another more complex method, called NSEC3, can be used. This is in use wth .gov, so you will see that manually validating that answer is much harder. For details on NSEC3, see RFC-5155


== User Experience ==
== User Experience ==
Easy setup and maintenance of DNSSEC aware resolver
Easy configuration and priming of DNSSEC aware resolvers.


== Related Packages ==
== Related Packages ==


* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/ldns ldns]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/ldns ldns]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/unbound unbound]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/unbound unbound]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/bind bind]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/bind bind]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/nsd nsd]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/nsd nsd]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/autotrust autotrust]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/autotrust autotrust]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/sshfp sshfp]
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/dnssec-conf dnssec-conf]
* dnssec-keys
* [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/sshfp sshfp]
* system-config-dnssec
* system-config-dnssec (preview:  [ftp://ftp.xelerance.com/system-config-dnssec])


== Dependencies ==
== Dependencies ==
Line 72: Line 166:


== Contingency Plan ==
== Contingency Plan ==
Disable DNSSEC by default
Disable DNSSEC and/or DLV by default in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec and release a software update of dnssec-conf


== Documentation ==
== Documentation ==
Line 78: Line 172:


== Release Notes ==
== Release Notes ==
BIND and unbound (recursive DNS servers) have enabled DNSSEC validation in their default configuration. When domain supplies DNSSEC data then that data will be validated on recursive server. If validation fails then certain domain will be unreachable for clients because it indicates attack (or, unfortunately, admin's misconfiguration). DNSSEC is crucial part and next step to make Internet more secure for end users.
Bind and unbound (recursive DNS servers) now enable DNSSEC validation in their default configuration. DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV) is also enabled with the [http://dlv.isc.org/ dlv.sc.org] DLV Registry.
This behaviour can be modified in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec by changing the DNSSEC and DLV settings.
 
With DNSSEC enabled, when a domain supplies DNSSEC data (such as .gov, .se, the ENUM zone and other TLD's) then that data will be cryptographically validated on the recursive DNS server. If validation fails, due to attempts at cache poisoning (eg via a Kaminsky Attack) then the enduser will not be given this forged/spoofed data. DNSSEC deployment is gaining speed rapidly, and is a crucial part and the next logical step to make the internet more secure for end users. DLV is used to add DNSSEC signed domains into TLD's that themselves are not yet signed, such as .com and .org.


== Comments and Discussion ==
== Comments and Discussion ==
Line 84: Line 181:
* See [[Talk:Features/DNSSEC]]  <!-- This adds a link to the "discussion" tab associated with your page.  This provides the ability to have ongoing comments or conversation without bogging down the main feature page -->
* See [[Talk:Features/DNSSEC]]  <!-- This adds a link to the "discussion" tab associated with your page.  This provides the ability to have ongoing comments or conversation without bogging down the main feature page -->


[[Category:FeatureAcceptedF11]]


----
[[Category:FeatureAcceptedF11]]
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Latest revision as of 16:24, 11 March 2012

Feature Name

DNSSEC - Enable DNSSEC and DLV security extensions for DNS and prime validating resolvers with DNSSEC keys. This feature has been included in Fedora 11

This page has been obsoleted by:


https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/DNSSEC_on_workstations



Summary

DNSSEC (DNS SECurity) is mechanism which provides integrity and authenticity of DNS data. It became more important after new Kaminsky DNS poisoning attacks were found in early 2008. The most widely used recursing nameservers support DNSSEC. We currently support it for bind and unbound.

Owner

Current status

  • Targeted release: Fedora 40
  • Last updated: 2009-04-15
  • Percentage of completion: 100%

Detailed Description

Important DNS nameserver software and some TLD's already support DNSSEC. Main problem is key distribution. A full validation path would start at the root (".") but it is not likely that the root will be signed very soon. There are two methods for working around not having a signed root:

  • Using Trust Anchor Repositories (TAR's or "batched TAR") for TLD keys
  • Using DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV or "live TAR") for enduser domains within an unsigned TLD.

This feature adds support for both TAR and DLV support, using the following approach:

  • supply initial set of DNSSEC keys for TLD's (and perhaps some "very important domains") as long as the root is not signed. This is done via dnssec-conf) (completed)
  • allow easy way to enable/disable DNSSEC via commandline tool dnssec-configure from the dnssec-conf package (completed)
  • allow configuration of any DLV Registry, with the default set to ISC, using the above two mentioned tools (completed)
  • support for automated Trust Anchor Rollovers from DNS information via the autotrust package using secure RFC5011 update mechanism. This is in addition to updates supplied via the dnssec-conf package. (completed)

Benefit to Fedora

Our servers (and clients) will be able to use DNSSEC, and be safer against cache poisoning, Kaminsky attacks, spoofing and other known DNS attacks. Fedora machines will also be able to use signed TLD's and individually signed domains in DLV without any additional administration. For example, right now that already includes DNSSEC for the entire .gov domain, plus a handful of TLD's and a few dozen in-arpa domains including the ENUM zone.

Scope

  • create and add a package dnssec-conf which will supply initial set of DNSSEC keys to machines. (completed)
  • Do not yet enable DNSSEC in default bind and unbound configurations. But make it trivially easy to enable DNSSEC via dnssec-conf. (completed)
  • create commandline tool (dnssec-configure from the dnssec-conf package) that will easily enable/disable DNSSEC and which allows to switch between DLV Registries and supplied DNSSEC keys (completed)
  • add the "autotrust" package which implements RFC 5011 - "Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors". This package includes a daily cronjob that will try to update any configured DNSSEC trust anchors from the dnssec-conf package, and any manually installed trust anchors by the administrator. (completed)
  • create system-config-dnssec GUI tool to enable / disable the most important features (70% done)
  • Update the Bind and Unbound packages so the default configurations enable DNSSEC for Fedora-11

How To Install

 yum install bind-utils
 yum install bind (or unbound or both)
 service named start (or unbound or both)

This installation should bring in dnssec-conf. Starting the daemon once will update the DNSSEC and DLV settings for the daemons. Settings can be changed in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec You can verify the installation and configuration using:

 dnssec-configure -s

DNSSEC is enabled per default. DLV is also enabled per default, and uses dlv.isc.org as the DLV Registry. If you want to disable DNSSEC or DLV, edit /etc/sysconfig/dnssec. After changing this file, restart the daemon you were using:

 service named restart (or service unbound restart)

For the GUI, use

 yum install system-config-dnssec

Navigate to System->Administration->DNSSEC

(system-config-dnssec is not yet finished)

How to Test

 dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @localhost

You should see the AD ("Authenticated Data") bit in the reply, as well as the RRSIG signature record:

$ dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @127.0.0.1
 
; <<>> DiG 9.5.1b3-RedHat-9.5.1-0.9.b3.fc10 <<>> +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @localhost
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14948
;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gov.			IN NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
gov.			259188 IN NS G.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN NS A.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN NS C.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN NS E.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN NS D.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN NS F.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN NS B.GOV.ZONEEDIT.COM.
gov.			259188 IN RRSIG	NS 7 1 259200 20090309210102 (
				20090304210102 31802 gov.
				N1azd+3+CfHD4YIMukC/cGlNBTvaG6gDOa7KmSy+MmjI
				hWiJv+1bHuj3caDrJ98vR4KuyS7xCb/q5J7ParrjtLYV
				YWxnB6dDdX8cyhB9NjAuwOmCrmXIM9/3uedKwpbuQK1z
				ktWuHp0xbQT1bkxKnqZswASqbqB96lvfryWsAH01M9b9
				AOA/FP/iefWLGD/JaDCEfy2DtD2tke7hXNIQZICegoye
				oK1VhiOgkRYv6iEdYIH/pBztsP+DfaD5+hdBjQp2/P5b
				7LflyjK2S26ZSZ3LAxDgWZGDvCFngCozSaoLq16RO4DU
				vVPg33HHycdslVP2s+mtthkW9wcAC9+IMA== )

;; Query time: 122 msec
;; SERVER: 193.110.157.136#53(193.110.157.136)
;; WHEN: Wed Mar  4 18:07:11 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 451

If you want to see more DNSSEC related records run:

 dig +multiline +dnssec -t any gov. @localhost

To test the DLV, try to resolve a known DLV entry that does not occur in a DNSSEC signed zone (and is not loaded explicitely, such as dlv.isc.org), for example:

dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns isc.org.

To verify that forged/broken data is properly refused, you can test against some test zones:

 dig +multiline +dnssec forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost

This should produce a ServFail answer. To force getting the known bad answer, run:

 dig +multiline +dnssec +cd forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost

This should produce the forged/broken answer despite its known forgery.

To test the denial of existence, you can query a non-existing domain in a dnssec siged zone, eg:

dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns thisdoesnotexist.se.

This should return a the same "AD" bit, as well as an NSEC record. In this case:

thisdesertlife.se.	7200 IN	NSEC thisell.se. NS RRSIG NSEC

This is a signed response saying your domain thisdoesnotexist.se does not exist. The signed entry here starts with "thisdesertlife.se." and the next record is "thisell.se". Since "thisdoesnotexist.se" would fall in between these two, this (sgned) record would only exist if "thisdoesnotexist.se" would not exist. To avoid revealing other domain names, another more complex method, called NSEC3, can be used. This is in use wth .gov, so you will see that manually validating that answer is much harder. For details on NSEC3, see RFC-5155

User Experience

Easy configuration and priming of DNSSEC aware resolvers.

Related Packages

Dependencies

None

Contingency Plan

Disable DNSSEC and/or DLV by default in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec and release a software update of dnssec-conf

Documentation

http://www.dnssec.net/

Release Notes

Bind and unbound (recursive DNS servers) now enable DNSSEC validation in their default configuration. DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV) is also enabled with the dlv.sc.org DLV Registry. This behaviour can be modified in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec by changing the DNSSEC and DLV settings.

With DNSSEC enabled, when a domain supplies DNSSEC data (such as .gov, .se, the ENUM zone and other TLD's) then that data will be cryptographically validated on the recursive DNS server. If validation fails, due to attempts at cache poisoning (eg via a Kaminsky Attack) then the enduser will not be given this forged/spoofed data. DNSSEC deployment is gaining speed rapidly, and is a crucial part and the next logical step to make the internet more secure for end users. DLV is used to add DNSSEC signed domains into TLD's that themselves are not yet signed, such as .com and .org.

Comments and Discussion