From Fedora Project Wiki

(Add categories)
No edit summary
Line 2: Line 2:


== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
=== Background ===
Traditionally, Java implementations have been available under a non-free license.  Free software clean room implementations of the class library largely centred around GNU Classpath.  GCJ, a Java frontend for GCC, allowed for native compilation of Java software.  In 2007, Sun released its reference implementation of Java under the GPL+Classpath exception as OpenJDK.  This included the bytecode interpreter, just-in-time (JIT) compiler (Hotspot), and the majority of its class library.  Due to the remaining small proprietary encumbrances, a project known as IcedTea was formed to build OpenJDK with entirely free tools, and provides Free software plugs for the encumbered pieces of the class libraries.  Recent (early 2008) developments have enabled Fedora to ship a package under the OpenJDK name.


=== The Basics ===
=== The Basics ===
The term Java means many things to many people:  a class library, a bytecode interpreter, a JIT compiler, a language specification, etc.  For the vast majority of users and developers, Java is a programming language and runtime environment that is architecture- and OS-agnostic.  The normal flow of code is <code>.java</code> (source file) ’ <code>.class</code> (Java bytecode) ’ <code>.jar</code> (a zip archive).  In the majority of cases, a user executes a Java program by specifying a class name containing a main method (just like C and C++).  Often, this is done by invoking the <code>java</code> binary with a list of JAR files specifying the classpath like so:
The term Java means many things to many people:  a class library, a bytecode interpreter, a JIT compiler, a language specification, etc.  For the vast majority of users and developers, Java is a programming language and runtime environment that is architecture- and OS-agnostic.  The normal flow of code is <code>.java</code> (source file) <code>.class</code> (Java bytecode) <code>.jar</code> (a zip archive).  In the majority of cases, a user executes a Java program by specifying a class name containing a main method (just like C and C++).  Often, this is done by invoking the <code>java</code> binary with a list of JAR files specifying the classpath like so:


<code>java [-cp <jar1:jar2:jar3>]  <main-class> [<args>] </code>
<code>java [-cp <jar1:jar2:jar3>]  <main-class> [<args>] </code>
Line 13: Line 10:
== Java Packaging ==
== Java Packaging ==
The [http://www.jpackage.org JPackage Project]  has defined standard file system locations and conventions for use in Java packages.  Many distributions have inherited these conventions and in the vast majority of cases, Fedora follows them verbatim.  We include relevant sections of the JPackage guidelines here but caution that the canonical document will always reside upstream:  [http://www.jpackage.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/src/jpackage-utils/doc/jpackage-1.5-policy.xhtml?revision=HEAD&root=jpackage JPackage Guidelines]  .  Over time, we would like to remove any divergences in these documents, but where they are different, these Fedora guidelines will take precedence for Fedora packages.
The [http://www.jpackage.org JPackage Project]  has defined standard file system locations and conventions for use in Java packages.  Many distributions have inherited these conventions and in the vast majority of cases, Fedora follows them verbatim.  We include relevant sections of the JPackage guidelines here but caution that the canonical document will always reside upstream:  [http://www.jpackage.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/src/jpackage-utils/doc/jpackage-1.5-policy.xhtml?revision=HEAD&root=jpackage JPackage Guidelines]  .  Over time, we would like to remove any divergences in these documents, but where they are different, these Fedora guidelines will take precedence for Fedora packages.
TODO: Find the proper jpackage link and fix it.


=== Package naming ===
=== Package naming ===


Packages '''MUST''' follow the standard Fedora [[Packaging/NamingGuidelines]] . Java API documentation '''MUST''' be placed into a sub-package called <code>%{name}-javadoc</code>.
Packages '''MUST''' follow the standard Fedora [[Packaging/NamingGuidelines]].
 
Java API documentation '''MUST''' be placed into a sub-package called <code>%{name}-javadoc</code>.


==== Release tags ====
==== Release tags ====
For now, refer to the [[Packaging/JPackagePolicy]] for release tags. That document should eventually be folded into this one.
Packages '''MUST''' follow the standard Fedora [[Packaging/NamingGuidelines#Package_Version | Package versioning guidelines]] .
 
=== Jar file naming ===


# If a package provides a single JAR file it must have the same name as the package itself.
=== JAR file installation ===


ex. <code>jaf.jar</code>
The following applies to all JAR files except [[#JNI|JNI-using JAR files]], [[#GCJ|GCJ files]] and application-specific JAR files (ie. JAR files that can only reasonably be used as part of an application and therefore constitute application-private data).


# If the project name and the commonly used JAR filename differ, a symbolic link with the usual name must also be provided.
==== Split JAR files ====


ex. Single JAR complete naming.  Project name is <code>jaf</code>, common name is <code>activation</code>.
If a project offers the choice of packaging it as a single monolithic jar or several ones, the split packaging '''should''' be preferred.


<code>activation.jar ’ jaf.jar</code>
==== Filenames ====


# If the package provides several JAR files, the filenames assigned by the build must be used. Above symlinking rules apply.
* If the package provides a '''single''' JAR and the filename provided by the build is <code>%{name}.jar</code> or <code>%{name}-%{version}.jar</code> then filename <code>%{name}.jar</code> '''MUST''' be used.
* If the package provides a '''single''' JAR and the filename provided by the build is neither <code>%{name}-%{version}.jar</code> nor <code>%{name}.jar</code> then this file '''MUST''' be installed as <code>%{name}.jar</code> and a symbolic link with the usual name must be provided.
* If the package provides more than '''one''' JAR file, the filenames assigned by the build '''MUST''' be used (without versions).
* If the project usually provides alternative JAR file names by installing symbolic links then such symlinks '''MAY''' be installed in the same directory as the JAR files.


ex.  <pre>ant-1.5.3.jar
==== Installation directory ====
ant-optional-1.5.3.jar</pre>


# If the number of provided JAR files exceeds '''two''', you must place them into a sub-directory.
* All JAR files '''MUST''' go into <code>%{_javadir}</code> or a Java-version specific directory <code>%{_javadir}-<i>*</i></code> as appropriate[http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/packaging/2010-January/006792.html].


# If a project offers the choice of packaging it as a single monolithic jar or several ones, the split packaging should be preferred.
* If the number of provided JAR files exceeds '''two''', you '''MUST''' place them into a sub-directory named <code>%{name}</code>.


=== Directory structure ===
=== Javadoc installation ===
All JAR files '''MUST''' go into <code>%{_javadir}</code>.  Exceptions include [[JNI|  JNI-using JAR files]] , and application-specific JAR files (ie. JAR files that can only reasonably be used as part of an application and therefore constitute application-private data).


Java API documentation uses a system known as javadoc.  All javadocs '''MUST''' be installed into <code>%{_javadocdir</code>}.
* Java API documentation uses a system known as javadoc.  All javadocs '''MUST''' be created and installed into a directory of <code>%{_javadocdir}/%{name}</code>.
* Directory or symlink <code>%{_javadocdir}/%{name}-%{version}</code> '''SHOULD NOT''' exist.
* The javadoc subpackage '''MUST''' be declared <code>noarch</code> even if main package is architecture specific.


=== BuildRequires and Requires ===
=== BuildRequires and Requires ===
Line 64: Line 66:
<code>build-classpath</code> is a script that can be used to generate classpaths from generic names of JAR files.  Example:
<code>build-classpath</code> is a script that can be used to generate classpaths from generic names of JAR files.  Example:


<pre>export CLASSPATH=$(build-classpath commons-logging commons-net)
<pre>export CLASSPATH=$(build-classpath commons-logging commons-net xbean/xbean-reflect)
</pre>
</pre>
{{admon/note|Additional information|You can use either package names (all jar files will be included) or jar filenames with path prefix to select only some jar files from whole package.}}


=== build-jar-repository ===
=== build-jar-repository ===
Line 107: Line 110:
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_datadir}/maven2/poms
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mavenpomdir}
install -pm 644 pom.xml $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_datadir}/maven2/poms/JPP-maven-archiver.pom
install -pm 644 pom.xml $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mavenpomdir}/JPP-%{name}.pom
%add_to_maven_depmap org.apache.maven maven-archiver %{version} JPP maven-archiver
# artifactId and jarName are usually %{name} for single module projects
%add_to_maven_depmap [groupId] [artifactId] %{version} JPP[/optional_subDir] [jarName]
 
...
...
%post
%post
Line 118: Line 123:
...
...
</pre>
</pre>
{{admon/note|Note:|Multimodule Maven projects should use javadoc:aggregate instead of javadoc:javadoc.}}
{{admon/important|Important|Please read [[Java/JPPMavenReadme]] for details about mvn-jpp and %add_to_maven_depmap usage. }}


=== Wrapper Scripts ===
=== Wrapper Scripts ===
Applications wishing to provide a convenient method of execution '''SHOULD''' provide a wrapper script in <code>%{_bindir</code>}.  These can be as simple as this example:
Applications wishing to provide a convenient method of execution '''SHOULD''' provide a wrapper script in <code>%{_bindir}</code>.  These can be as simple as this example:


<pre>#!/bin/bash
<pre>#!/bin/sh
. /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions
if [ -f /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions ] ;
then
  . /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions
else
  echo "Can't find functions library, aborting"
  exit 1
fi


# Configuration
MAIN_CLASS=MyCoolApp
MAIN_CLASS=MyCoolApp


# Set parameters
set_classpath "mycoolapp"
set_classpath "mycoolapp"


# Let's start
run "$@"
run "$@"
</pre>
Specify your script as additional source
<pre>
...
Source1:          %{name}.jtidy.script
...
</pre>
and install it into %{_bindir}
<pre>
%install
...
# shell script
mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_bindir}
cp -ap %{SOURCE1} %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/%{name}
...
</pre>
Don't forget set file permissions correctly:
<pre>
%files
...
%attr(755, root, root) %{_bindir}/*
...
</pre>
</pre>


=== GCJ ===
=== GCJ ===
Building GCJ AOT bits is discouraged unless you have a very strong reason to include them in the packages.
Even when AOT bits are built and included in packages it is recommended to not require java-1.5.0-gcj because this will force every single user to install it even if one wants to use another JVM.
Please refer to [[Packaging/GCJGuidelines]]  for GCJ-specific guidelines.
Please refer to [[Packaging/GCJGuidelines]]  for GCJ-specific guidelines.


=== -devel packages ===
=== -devel packages ===
<code>-devel</code> packages don't really make sense for Java packages.  Header files do not exist for Java packages.
<code>-devel</code> packages don't really make sense for Java packages.  Header files do not exist for Java packages.
=== Maven pom.xml files and depmaps ===
If upstream project is shipping Maven pom.xml files, these '''MUST''' be installed with the corresponding %add_to_maven_depmaps calls.
If upstream project does not ship pom.xml file [[http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ official maven repo]] should be checked and if there are pom.xml files they '''SHOULD''' be installed.
{{admon/tip|Tip|[[http://mvnrepository.com/ Mvnrepository site]] can be used to ease}}


== Specfile Template ==
== Specfile Template ==
Line 144: Line 201:
Version:        # see normal package guidelines
Version:        # see normal package guidelines
Release:        1%{?dist}
Release:        1%{?dist}
Summary:        # see normal package guidelines (SNPG)
Summary:        # see normal package guidelines


Group:          # SNPG
Group:          # see normal package guidelines
License:        # SNPG
License:        # see normal package guidelines
URL:            # SNPG
URL:            # see normal package guidelines
Source0:        # SNPG
Source0:        # see normal package guidelines
BuildRoot:      %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root-%(%{__id_u} -n)
BuildArch:      noarch


BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils
BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils
Line 166: Line 223:
%package javadoc
%package javadoc
Summary:        Javadocs for %{name}
Summary:        Javadocs for %{name}
Group:          Development Documentation
Group:          Documentation
Requires:      %{name} = %{version}-%{release}
Requires:      jpackage-utils
Requires:      jpackage-utils


%description javadoc
%description javadoc
This package contains the API documentation for %{name}.
This package contains the API documentation for %{name}.
%package manual
Summary:        Manual for %{name}
Group:          Development Documentation
Requires:      jpackage-utils
Requires:      %{name} = %{version}-%{release}
%description manual
The manual for %{name}.


%prep
%prep
%setup -q
%setup -q


find -name '*.class' -exec rm -f '{}' \;
find -name '*.class' -exec rm -f '{}' \;
find -name '*.jar' -exec rm -f '{}' \;
find -name '*.jar' -exec rm -f '{}' \;


%build
%build
Line 195: Line 239:


%install
%install
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT


mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
cp -p [build path to jar]   \
cp -p [build path to jar] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}/%{name}.jar
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}/%{name}-%{version}.jar
 


mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
cp -rp [javadoc directory] \
cp -rp [javadoc directory] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
 
%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT


%files
%files
Line 218: Line 255:
%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
%{_javadocdir}/%{name}


%files manual
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%doc [manual directory] /*


%changelog
%changelog
Line 230: Line 264:
Version:        # see normal package guidelines
Version:        # see normal package guidelines
Release:        1%{?dist}
Release:        1%{?dist}
Summary:        # see normal package guidelines (SNPG)
Summary:        # see normal package guidelines


Group:          # SNPG
Group:          # see normal package guidelines
License:        # SNPG
License:        # see normal package guidelines
URL:            # SNPG
URL:            # see normal package guidelines
Source0:        # SNPG
Source0:        # see normal package guidelines
BuildRoot:      %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root-%(%{__id_u} -n)
 
BuildArch:      noarch


BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils
BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils
Line 244: Line 279:
BuildRequires:  maven2
BuildRequires:  maven2


BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-compiler
BuildRequires:    maven-compiler-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-install
BuildRequires:    maven-install-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-jar
BuildRequires:    maven-jar-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-javadoc
BuildRequires:    maven-javadoc-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-release
BuildRequires:    maven-release-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-resources
BuildRequires:    maven-resources-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven2-plugin-surefire
BuildRequires:    maven-surefire-plugin


Requires:      jpackage-utils
Requires:      jpackage-utils
Line 263: Line 298:
%package javadoc
%package javadoc
Summary:        Javadocs for %{name}
Summary:        Javadocs for %{name}
Group:          Development/Documentation
Group:          Documentation
Requires:      %{name}-%{version}-%{release}
Requires:      jpackage-utils
Requires:      jpackage-utils


%description javadoc
%description javadoc
This package contains the API documentation for %{name}.
This package contains the API documentation for %{name}.
%package manual
Summary:        Manual for %{name}
Group:          Development/Documentation
Requires:      jpackage-utils
Requires:      %{name}-%{version}-%{release}
%description manual
The manual for %{name}.


%prep
%prep
Line 287: Line 312:
mkdir -p $MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL
mkdir -p $MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL


mvn-jpp \
mvn-jpp -Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL \
-Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL \
        install javadoc:javadoc # or javadoc:aggregate
install javadoc:javadoc


%install
%install
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT


mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
cp -p [build path to jar]   \
cp -p [build path to jar] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}/%{name}.jar
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}/%{name}-%{version}.jar
 


mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
cp -rp [javadoc directory] \
cp -rp [javadoc directory] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}


install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_datadir}/maven2/poms
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mavenpomdir}
install -pm 644 [path to pom]  \
install -pm 644 [path to pom]  \
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_datadir}/maven2/poms/JPP-%{name}.pom
        $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mavenpomdir}/JPP-%{name}.pom


%add_to_maven_depmap org.apache.maven %{name} %{version} JPP %{name}
%add_to_maven_depmap project_group_id project_artifact_id %{version} JPP %{name}


%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT


%post
%post
Line 320: Line 338:
%files
%files
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{_datadir}/maven2/poms
%{_mavenpomdir}/*
%{_mavendepmapfragdir}
%{_mavendepmapfragdir}/*
%{_javadir}/*
%{_javadir}/*
%doc
%doc
Line 328: Line 346:
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
%files manual
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%doc [manual directory] /*


%changelog
%changelog


</pre>
</pre>
{{admon/important|Depmap information|Last two arguments to %add_to_maven_depmap macro represent location of installed jar file. Using ".. jpp/foo bar" as last two arguments will mean that groupId/artifactId of package will resolve to jar file %{_javadir}/foo/bar.jar.}}


For detailed instructions on the JPackage/Fedora maven, see the JPackage Maven rpm readme located [http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Java/JPPMavenReadme here] .
For detailed instructions on the JPackage/Fedora maven, see the JPackage Maven rpm readme located [http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Java/JPPMavenReadme here] .


{{Anchor|JNI}}
{{Anchor|JNI}}
== Packaging JAR files that use JNI ==
== Packaging JAR files that use JNI ==


Line 346: Line 363:
Java programs that wish to make calls into native libraries do so via the Java Native Interface (JNI).  A Java package uses JNI if it contains a .so
Java programs that wish to make calls into native libraries do so via the Java Native Interface (JNI).  A Java package uses JNI if it contains a .so


{{Template:Warning}} Note that GCJ packages contain <code>.so</code>s in <code>%{_libdir}/gcj/%{name</code>} but they are not JNI .sos.
{{Template:Warning}} Note that GCJ packages contain <code>.so</code>s in <code>%{_libdir}/gcj/%{name}</code> but they are not JNI .sos.


=== Guideline ===
=== Guideline ===


JAR files that require JNI shared objects '''MUST''' be installed in <code>%{_libdir}/%{name</code>}.  The JNI shared objects themselves must also be installed in <code>%{_libdir}/%{name}</code>.  If the JNI-using code calls <code>System.loadLibrary</code> you'll have to patch it to use <code>System.load</code>, passing it the full path to the dynamic shared object.  If the package installs a wrapper script you'll need to manually add <code>%{_libdir}/%{name}/<jar filename></code> to <code>CLASSPATH</code>.  If you are depending on a JNI-using JAR file, you'll need to add it manually -- <code>build-classpath</code> will not find it.
JAR files that require JNI shared objects '''MUST''' be installed in <code>%{_libdir}/%{name}</code>.  The JNI shared objects themselves must also be installed in <code>%{_libdir}/%{name}</code>.  If the JNI-using code calls <code>System.loadLibrary</code> you'll have to patch it to use <code>System.load</code>, passing it the full path to the dynamic shared object.  If the package installs a wrapper script you'll need to manually add <code>%{_libdir}/%{name}/<jar filename></code> to <code>CLASSPATH</code>.  If you are depending on a JNI-using JAR file, you'll need to add it manually -- <code>build-classpath</code> will not find it.


=== Rationale ===
=== Rationale ===


This is less convenient, but cleaner from a packaging point-of-view, than putting the JAR file in <code>%{_javadir</code>}, and putting the JNI shared object in  <code>%{_libdir</code>} to be loaded from the default library path.  First, JNI shared objects are <code>dlopen</code>'d, and <code>dlopen</code>'d shared objects should not be placed directly in <code>%{_libdir</code>} since they are application-private data, and not libraries meant to be linked to directly -- that is, not meant to be shared. Second, placing the JAR file in <code>%{_javadir</code>} causes the build-classpath script to always load it, even when running on a runtime environment of the wrong arch, meaning that the <code>System.loadLibrary</code> line would fail.
This is less convenient, but cleaner from a packaging point-of-view, than putting the JAR file in <code>%{_javadir}</code>, and putting the JNI shared object in  <code>%{_libdir}</code> to be loaded from the default library path.  First, JNI shared objects are <code>dlopen</code>'d, and <code>dlopen</code>'d shared objects should not be placed directly in <code>%{_libdir}</code> since they are application-private data, and not libraries meant to be linked to directly -- that is, not meant to be shared. Second, placing the JAR file in <code>%{_javadir}</code> causes the build-classpath script to always load it, even when running on a runtime environment of the wrong arch, meaning that the <code>System.loadLibrary</code> line would fail.


The plan is to eventually eliminate patching of the <code>System.loadLibrary</code> line and wrapper script by making <code>jpackage-utils</code> multilib aware.  This involves the following changes:  creating <code>%{_libdir}/java</code> and <code>%{_libdir}/jni</code> directories; giving JNI-containing packages the ability to require an architecture-specific runtime environment; adding support for specifying the required runtime architecture in a wrapper script; modifying <code>jpackage-utils</code>'s runtime scripts to search <code>%{_libdir}/java</code>; modifying IcedTea to look for JNI shared objects in <code>%{_libdir}/jni</code>.
The plan is to eventually eliminate patching of the <code>System.loadLibrary</code> line and wrapper script by making <code>jpackage-utils</code> multilib aware.  This involves the following changes:  creating <code>%{_libdir}/java</code> and <code>%{_libdir}/jni</code> directories; giving JNI-containing packages the ability to require an architecture-specific runtime environment; adding support for specifying the required runtime architecture in a wrapper script; modifying <code>jpackage-utils</code>'s runtime scripts to search <code>%{_libdir}/java</code>; modifying IcedTea to look for JNI shared objects in <code>%{_libdir}/jni</code>.


The <code>%{_jnidir</code>} rpm macro defines the main JNI jar repository. Like <code>%{_javadir</code>} it is declined in <code>-ext</code> and <code>-x.y.z</code> variants. It follows exactly the same rules as the <code>%{_javadir</code>}-derived tree structure, except that it hosts JAR files that use JNI.
The <code>%{_jnidir}</code> rpm macro defines the main JNI jar repository. Like <code>%{_javadir}</code> it is declined in <code>-ext</code> and <code>-x.y.z</code> variants. It follows exactly the same rules as the <code>%{_javadir}</code>-derived tree structure, except that it hosts JAR files that use JNI.


<code>%{_jnidir</code>} usually expands into <code>/usr/lib/java</code>.
<code>%{_jnidir}</code> usually expands into <code>/usr/lib/java</code>.


== Things to avoid ==
== Things to avoid ==
Line 390: Line 407:
sed -i '/class-path/I d' META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
sed -i '/class-path/I d' META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
</pre>
</pre>
'''Will this preserve the line ending as the [http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/deployment/jar/downman.html this page]  says it must?'''


[[Category:Packaging guidelines]]
[[Category:Packaging guidelines]]
[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Java]]

Revision as of 18:34, 10 November 2010

These guidelines are laid out in order of relevance to packaging.

Introduction

The Basics

The term Java means many things to many people: a class library, a bytecode interpreter, a JIT compiler, a language specification, etc. For the vast majority of users and developers, Java is a programming language and runtime environment that is architecture- and OS-agnostic. The normal flow of code is .java (source file) .class (Java bytecode) .jar (a zip archive). In the majority of cases, a user executes a Java program by specifying a class name containing a main method (just like C and C++). Often, this is done by invoking the java binary with a list of JAR files specifying the classpath like so:

java [-cp <jar1:jar2:jar3>] <main-class> [<args>]

Java Packaging

The JPackage Project has defined standard file system locations and conventions for use in Java packages. Many distributions have inherited these conventions and in the vast majority of cases, Fedora follows them verbatim. We include relevant sections of the JPackage guidelines here but caution that the canonical document will always reside upstream: JPackage Guidelines . Over time, we would like to remove any divergences in these documents, but where they are different, these Fedora guidelines will take precedence for Fedora packages.

TODO: Find the proper jpackage link and fix it.

Package naming

Packages MUST follow the standard Fedora Packaging/NamingGuidelines.

Java API documentation MUST be placed into a sub-package called %{name}-javadoc.

Release tags

Packages MUST follow the standard Fedora Package versioning guidelines .

JAR file installation

The following applies to all JAR files except JNI-using JAR files, GCJ files and application-specific JAR files (ie. JAR files that can only reasonably be used as part of an application and therefore constitute application-private data).

Split JAR files

If a project offers the choice of packaging it as a single monolithic jar or several ones, the split packaging should be preferred.

Filenames

  • If the package provides a single JAR and the filename provided by the build is %{name}.jar or %{name}-%{version}.jar then filename %{name}.jar MUST be used.
  • If the package provides a single JAR and the filename provided by the build is neither %{name}-%{version}.jar nor %{name}.jar then this file MUST be installed as %{name}.jar and a symbolic link with the usual name must be provided.
  • If the package provides more than one JAR file, the filenames assigned by the build MUST be used (without versions).
  • If the project usually provides alternative JAR file names by installing symbolic links then such symlinks MAY be installed in the same directory as the JAR files.

Installation directory

  • All JAR files MUST go into %{_javadir} or a Java-version specific directory %{_javadir}-* as appropriate[1].
  • If the number of provided JAR files exceeds two, you MUST place them into a sub-directory named %{name}.

Javadoc installation

  • Java API documentation uses a system known as javadoc. All javadocs MUST be created and installed into a directory of %{_javadocdir}/%{name}.
  • Directory or symlink %{_javadocdir}/%{name}-%{version} SHOULD NOT exist.
  • The javadoc subpackage MUST be declared noarch even if main package is architecture specific.

BuildRequires and Requires

At a minimum, Java packages MUST:

BuildRequires: java-devel [>= specific_version] 
BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils

Requires:  java >= specific_version
Requires:  jpackage-utils

For historical reasons, when specifying versions 1.6.0 or greater, an epoch of 1 must be included. Example:

Requires: java >= 1:1.6.0

build-classpath

build-classpath is a script that can be used to generate classpaths from generic names of JAR files. Example:

export CLASSPATH=$(build-classpath commons-logging commons-net xbean/xbean-reflect)
Note.png
Additional information
You can use either package names (all jar files will be included) or jar filenames with path prefix to select only some jar files from whole package.

build-jar-repository

build-jar-repository is similar to build-classpath but instead of producing a classpath entry, it creates symlinks in a given directory. Example:

$ mkdir lib
$ build-jar-repository -s -p lib commons-logging commons-net
$ ls -l lib
commons-logging.jar -> /usr/share/java/commons-logging.jar
commons-net.jar -> /usr/share/java/commons-net.jar

ant

ant is a build tool used by many Java packages. Packages built using ant ship with build.xml files which contain build targets similar to Makefiles. Packages built using ant must:

BuildRequires: ant
...
%build
...
ant

maven

maven is a tool used by many Java packages. In Fedora, the package is called maven2. Packages built using maven ship with pom.xml files. They MUST:

Requires(post): jpackage-utils
Requires(postun): jpackage-utils

and SHOULD contain common sections such as the following:

...
%build
export MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL=$(pwd)/.m2/repository
mkdir -p $MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL

mvn-jpp \
-Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL \
install javadoc:javadoc
...
%install
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mavenpomdir}
install -pm 644 pom.xml $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/%{_mavenpomdir}/JPP-%{name}.pom
# artifactId and jarName are usually %{name} for single module projects
%add_to_maven_depmap [groupId] [artifactId] %{version} JPP[/optional_subDir] [jarName]

...
%post
%update_maven_depmap

%postun
%update_maven_depmap
...
Note.png
Note:
Multimodule Maven projects should use javadoc:aggregate instead of javadoc:javadoc.
Important.png
Important
Please read Java/JPPMavenReadme for details about mvn-jpp and %add_to_maven_depmap usage.

Wrapper Scripts

Applications wishing to provide a convenient method of execution SHOULD provide a wrapper script in %{_bindir}. These can be as simple as this example:

#!/bin/sh
if [ -f /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions ] ;
then 
  . /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions
else
  echo "Can't find functions library, aborting"
  exit 1
fi

# Configuration
MAIN_CLASS=MyCoolApp

# Set parameters
set_classpath "mycoolapp"

# Let's start
run "$@"

Specify your script as additional source

...
Source1:          %{name}.jtidy.script
...

and install it into %{_bindir}

%install
...
# shell script
mkdir -p %{buildroot}%{_bindir}
cp -ap %{SOURCE1} %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/%{name}
...

Don't forget set file permissions correctly:

%files
...
%attr(755, root, root) %{_bindir}/*
...

GCJ

Building GCJ AOT bits is discouraged unless you have a very strong reason to include them in the packages. Even when AOT bits are built and included in packages it is recommended to not require java-1.5.0-gcj because this will force every single user to install it even if one wants to use another JVM.

Please refer to Packaging/GCJGuidelines for GCJ-specific guidelines.

-devel packages

-devel packages don't really make sense for Java packages. Header files do not exist for Java packages.


Maven pom.xml files and depmaps

If upstream project is shipping Maven pom.xml files, these MUST be installed with the corresponding %add_to_maven_depmaps calls.

If upstream project does not ship pom.xml file [official maven repo] should be checked and if there are pom.xml files they SHOULD be installed.

Idea.png
Tip
[Mvnrepository site] can be used to ease

Specfile Template

ant

Name:           # see normal package guidelines
Version:        # see normal package guidelines
Release:        1%{?dist}
Summary:        # see normal package guidelines

Group:          # see normal package guidelines
License:        # see normal package guidelines
URL:            # see normal package guidelines
Source0:        # see normal package guidelines
BuildArch:      noarch

BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils

BuildRequires:  java-devel

BuildRequires:  ant

Requires:       jpackage-utils

Requires:       java

%description

%package javadoc
Summary:        Javadocs for %{name}
Group:          Documentation
Requires:       jpackage-utils

%description javadoc
This package contains the API documentation for %{name}.

%prep
%setup -q

find -name '*.class' -exec rm -f '{}' \;
find -name '*.jar' -exec rm -f '{}' \;

%build
ant

%install

mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
cp -p [build path to jar] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}/%{name}.jar

mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
cp -rp [javadoc directory] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}

%files
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{_javadir}/*
%doc

%files javadoc
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{_javadocdir}/%{name}


%changelog

maven

Name:           # see normal package guidelines
Version:        # see normal package guidelines
Release:        1%{?dist}
Summary:        # see normal package guidelines

Group:          # see normal package guidelines
License:        # see normal package guidelines
URL:            # see normal package guidelines
Source0:        # see normal package guidelines

BuildArch:      noarch

BuildRequires:  jpackage-utils

BuildRequires:  java-devel

BuildRequires:  maven2

BuildRequires:    maven-compiler-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven-install-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven-jar-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven-javadoc-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven-release-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven-resources-plugin
BuildRequires:    maven-surefire-plugin

Requires:       jpackage-utils

Requires(post):       jpackage-utils
Requires(postun):     jpackage-utils

Requires:       java

%description

%package javadoc
Summary:        Javadocs for %{name}
Group:          Documentation
Requires:       jpackage-utils

%description javadoc
This package contains the API documentation for %{name}.

%prep
%setup -q

%build

export MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL=$(pwd)/.m2/repository
mkdir -p $MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL

mvn-jpp -Dmaven.repo.local=$MAVEN_REPO_LOCAL \
        install javadoc:javadoc # or javadoc:aggregate

%install

mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}
cp -p [build path to jar] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadir}/%{name}.jar

mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}
cp -rp [javadoc directory] $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_javadocdir}/%{name}

install -d -m 755 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mavenpomdir}
install -pm 644 [path to pom]  \
        $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_mavenpomdir}/JPP-%{name}.pom

%add_to_maven_depmap project_group_id project_artifact_id %{version} JPP %{name}


%post
%update_maven_depmap

%postun
%update_maven_depmap

%files
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{_mavenpomdir}/*
%{_mavendepmapfragdir}/*
%{_javadir}/*
%doc

%files javadoc
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
%{_javadocdir}/%{name}

%changelog

Important.png
Depmap information
Last two arguments to %add_to_maven_depmap macro represent location of installed jar file. Using ".. jpp/foo bar" as last two arguments will mean that groupId/artifactId of package will resolve to jar file %{_javadir}/foo/bar.jar.

For detailed instructions on the JPackage/Fedora maven, see the JPackage Maven rpm readme located here .

Packaging JAR files that use JNI

Applicability

Java programs that wish to make calls into native libraries do so via the Java Native Interface (JNI). A Java package uses JNI if it contains a .so

Stop (medium size).png Note that GCJ packages contain .sos in %{_libdir}/gcj/%{name} but they are not JNI .sos.

Guideline

JAR files that require JNI shared objects MUST be installed in %{_libdir}/%{name}. The JNI shared objects themselves must also be installed in %{_libdir}/%{name}. If the JNI-using code calls System.loadLibrary you'll have to patch it to use System.load, passing it the full path to the dynamic shared object. If the package installs a wrapper script you'll need to manually add %{_libdir}/%{name}/<jar filename> to CLASSPATH. If you are depending on a JNI-using JAR file, you'll need to add it manually -- build-classpath will not find it.

Rationale

This is less convenient, but cleaner from a packaging point-of-view, than putting the JAR file in %{_javadir}, and putting the JNI shared object in %{_libdir} to be loaded from the default library path. First, JNI shared objects are dlopen'd, and dlopen'd shared objects should not be placed directly in %{_libdir} since they are application-private data, and not libraries meant to be linked to directly -- that is, not meant to be shared. Second, placing the JAR file in %{_javadir} causes the build-classpath script to always load it, even when running on a runtime environment of the wrong arch, meaning that the System.loadLibrary line would fail.

The plan is to eventually eliminate patching of the System.loadLibrary line and wrapper script by making jpackage-utils multilib aware. This involves the following changes: creating %{_libdir}/java and %{_libdir}/jni directories; giving JNI-containing packages the ability to require an architecture-specific runtime environment; adding support for specifying the required runtime architecture in a wrapper script; modifying jpackage-utils's runtime scripts to search %{_libdir}/java; modifying IcedTea to look for JNI shared objects in %{_libdir}/jni.

The %{_jnidir} rpm macro defines the main JNI jar repository. Like %{_javadir} it is declined in -ext and -x.y.z variants. It follows exactly the same rules as the %{_javadir}-derived tree structure, except that it hosts JAR files that use JNI.

%{_jnidir} usually expands into /usr/lib/java.

Things to avoid

Pre-built JAR files / Other bundled software

Many Java projects re-ship their dependencies in their own releases. This is unacceptable in Fedora. All packages MUST be built from source and MUST enumerate their dependencies with Requires. They MUST NOT build against or re-ship the pre-included JAR files but instead symlink out to the JAR files provided by dependencies. There may arise rare cases that an upstream project is distributing JAR files that are actually not re-distributable by Fedora. In this situation, the JAR files themselves should not be redistributed -- even in the source zip. A modified source zip should be created with some sort of modifier in the name (ex. -CLEAN) along with instructions for reproducing. It is a good idea to have something similar to the following at the end of %prep (courtesy David Walluck):

JAR files=""
for j in $(find -name \*.jar); do
if [ ! -L $j ] ; then
JAR files="$JAR files $j"
fi
done
if [ ! -z "$JAR files" ] ; then
echo "These JAR files should be deleted and symlinked to system JAR files: $JAR files"
exit 1
fi

Javadoc scriptlets

Older JPackage packages contained %post scriptlets creating %ghost symlinks. These MUST not appear in Fedora Java packages and are actively being removed at JPackage.

Selected rpmlint issues

class-path-in-manifest

Use sed to remove class-path elements in MANIFEST.MF (or whatever file is being used as the JAR manifest) prior to JAR creation. Example:

sed -i '/class-path/I d' META-INF/MANIFEST.MF