User:Notting/timer

Timer guidelines

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Add in 'Cron Files' section:

Cron files and systemd timer units

• All packages with timed execution or scheduled tasks which already depend on systemd (for example because they contain service units) MUST use timer units instead of cron jobs, with no dependency on a cron daemon.
• Packages MUST NOT depend ong both cron and system systemd directly.

This would go on the cron-specific page as well.

Additions/rework of systemd guildelines:

Systemd guidelines

For https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Packaging:Systemd:

Systemd allows for multiple forms of activated services. This document discusses #Hardware activation, #Socket activation, and #DBus activation, and #Timer activation.

...

Timer activation

Timer activation is used for tasks that run at a specified calendar time, a specified repeating interval, or at a specifed interval relative to system boot or other actions. A timer unit file ends in .timer, and contains a [Timer] section that describes when the timer unit performs an action. A timer unit does not itself run a command. Instead it starts a service unit when it triggers. By default, it starts a service unit of the same name.

[Install] section for timer units

A timer unit that is tied to a specific service and should only run if that service is enabled running should include:

[Install]
WantedBy=<dependent service>.service

If it also should only run if that service is running, it should include:

[Unit]
BindsTo=<dependent service>.service

On the other hand, a timer unit that is independent of other services should include:

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

Note on enablement
Whether a timer unit is enabled by default is controlled by systemd presets, just like any other systemd unit.

Examples

Bound to another service

A periodic service to be run while a service is running consists of three units - the main service unit that must be running for the timer unit to trigger, the timer unit, and a service unit that actually performs the scheduled task.

acme.service:

[Unit]
Description=ACME Sample Service
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/acmed

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

acme-job.timer:

[Unit]
Description=ACME Sample Timer Trigger
Documentation=man:acme(1)
BindsTo=acme.service

[Timer]
OnCalendar=daily

[Install]
WantedBy=acme.service

acme-job.service:

[Unit]
Description=ACME post-boot service
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Service]
User=acme
ExecStart=/usr/bin/acme-job

After Boot Time Trigger

A one-shot timer that runs after boot. Not tied to any service.

acme-job.timer:

[Unit]
Description=ACME Sample Timer Trigger 5 Minutes After Boot
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Timer]
OnBootSec=5m

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

acme-job.service:

[Unit]
Description=ACME post-boot service
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Service]
User=acme
ExecStart=/usr/bin/acme-job

Post-boot and Hourly timer

Differnt methods of scheduling the timer can be combined with the use of multiple directives under [Timer].

acme.service:

[Unit]
Description=ACME Sample Service
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/acmed

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

acme-job.timer:

[Unit]
Description=ACME Sample Timer Trigger 5 Minutes After Boot And Hourly After
That
Documentation=man:acme(1)
BindsTo=acme.service

[Timer]
OnBootSec=5m
OnUnitActiveSec=1h

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

acme-job.service::

[Unit]
Description=Daily ACME Job
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Service]
User=acme
ExecStart=/usr/bin/acme-job

Traditional Hourly/Daily/etc timer

A timer that runs on an interval, much like a 'normal' cron task.

acme.timer

[Unit]
Description=ACME Sample Timer Unit
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Timer]
OnCalendar=daily|hourly|monthly

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

acme.service

[Unit]
Description=Periodic ACME task
Documentation=man:acme(1)

[Service]
User=acme
ExecStart=/usr/bin/acme

Time formats
For more examples of time formats that can be specified in an OnCalendar directive, see the systemd.time(7) man page.