From Fedora Project Wiki

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As a reminder, these guidelines only apply to EPEL packages, not to Fedora packages.
As a reminder, these guidelines only apply to EPEL packages, not to Fedora packages.


{{Anchor|LimitedArchPackages}}
== Rich Dependencies ==
 
Neither RPM nor Yum in either EPEL-7 or EPEL-6 supports rich (or Boolean) dependencies.
 
== The %license tag ==
 
RHEL6 does not include a definition of the <code>%license</code> macro, so the <code>epel-rpm-macros</code> package (which is present for every build) will map it to <code>%doc</code>.  This renders it unnecessary to define <code>%license</code> by hand.  However, due to bugs in the SCL macros, this definition will '''not''' exist if the SCL macros package is present on the system.  This should not affect packages when they are built in the build system, but users who do have have the SCL macros installed may see issues when building such packages locally.
 
== Limited Arch Packages ==
== Limited Arch Packages ==


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# Make sure the package is not shipped for all architectures. The valid architectures are:  
# Make sure the package is not shipped for all architectures. The valid architectures are:  
#* EPEL5: i386, ppc, x86_64
#* EPEL6: i686, ppc64, x86_64
#* EPEL6: i686, ppc64, x86_64
#* EPEL7: ppc64, x86_64.
#* EPEL7: aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, x86_64.
# Make sure the package meets the Fedora licensing and distribution rules. Nothing non-free or under an unacceptable license.  
# Make sure the package meets the Fedora licensing and distribution rules. Nothing non-free or under an unacceptable license.  
# Notify the epel-devel list of your intention to add this package.  
# Notify the epel-devel list of your intention to add this package.  
# Change the release of the package to have a leading 0. EXAMPLE: RHEL has foobar-1.0-1, you change it to foobar-1.0-0.1 for EPEL.
# Change the release of the package to have a leading 0. EXAMPLE: RHEL has foobar-1.0-1, you change it to foobar-1.0-0.1 for EPEL.
# Add a Changelog entry that the package was added to EPEL and has a 0 leading version to keep it older than RHEL.  
# Add a Changelog entry that the package was added to EPEL and has a 0 leading version to keep it older than RHEL.  
# Submit a [[Package SCM admin requests|Package SCM admin request]] asking for the el5, el6 or epel7 branch you need.  
# Request the branch you need (el6 or epel7) using <code>fedpkg request-branch</code>.
# Import and build your package, submit as update.  
# Import and build your package, submit as update.  
# Watch the RHEL version of the package. When it updates, you should update the EPEL version too. You should never update other than that.  
# Watch the RHEL version of the package. When it updates, you should update the EPEL version too. You should never update other than that.  
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NOTE: Do '''not''' add ExclusiveArch tags, this will break building on the other architectures!
NOTE: Do '''not''' add ExclusiveArch tags, this will break building on the other architectures!


== EPEL 6 and earlier ==
== EPEL 6 ==
 
=== SysV initscripts ===
 
[[EPEL:SysVInitScripts|SysV initscripts]] are used only in EPEL6. Packages for EPEL7 and later MUST provide systemd units as described in [[Packaging:Systemd]].


=== Provides and Requires Filtering ===
=== Provides and Requires Filtering ===
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On EPEL6, the version of rpm is too old to support the Fedora methods of filtering Provides and Requires.  Please the older guidelines instead: [[EPEL:Packaging_Autoprovides_and_Requires_Filtering]]
On EPEL6, the version of rpm is too old to support the Fedora methods of filtering Provides and Requires.  Please the older guidelines instead: [[EPEL:Packaging_Autoprovides_and_Requires_Filtering]]
==== Perl Provides and Requires on EPEL5 and older ====
Unfortunately, the modern macros for Provides and Requires Filtering ([[Packaging:AutoProvidesAndRequiresFiltering]]) do not work for EPEL 5 or older. There are two mechanisms for filtering Perl Provides and Requires in EPEL, either In %prep or via External scripts.


==== In %prep (preferred) ====
==== In %prep (preferred) ====
Line 89: Line 95:


=== PHP PEAR Macros ===
=== PHP PEAR Macros ===
On EPEL (EL-4/EL-5/EL-6), the "%{pear_macrodir}" macro is not defined. The simplest fix is to add this line to your spec file:
In EPEL6, the "%{pear_macrodir}" macro is not defined. The simplest fix is to add this line to your spec file:
<pre>
<pre>
%{!?pear_metadir: %global pear_metadir %{pear_phpdir}}
%{!?pear_metadir: %global pear_metadir %{pear_phpdir}}
Line 96: Line 102:
Alternately, simply use %{pear_phpdir} instead.
Alternately, simply use %{pear_phpdir} instead.


== EPEL 5 and earlier ==
== Scriptlets ==


=== Building packages for EPEL 5 on non EL5 machines ===
Fedora has been moving towards the use of file triggers and away from requiring that packagers cut and paste scriptlets into loads of packages.  These scriptlets would still be needed for EPEL, and as scriptlets are no longer needed in any Fedora release, they're moved here.


If you are receiving md5sum errors when building on non EL5 machines please try the following steps:
=== Shared Libraries ===
 
On EPEL 7 and older, ldconfig MUST be called properly in order to regenerate the dynamic linker's cache.  If the package or subpackage has no existing <code>%post</code> or <code>%postun</code> scriptlets, simply include the <code>%ldconfig_scriptlets</code> macro on its own line before the %files list.


<pre>
<pre>
1) fedpkg clone <package>
[...]
2) fedpkg switch-branch el5
%install
3) <make changes>
# Install the program
4) fedpkg srpm
5) koji build --scratch dist-5E-epel file.el5.src.rpm
6) Verify build completes
7) fedpkg commit
8) fedpkg push
9) fedpkg build
</pre>


=== PHP ABI Check Handling ===
%ldconfig_scriptlets libs
For Fedora '''EPEL 5''':
<pre>
%global php_apiver  %((echo 0; php -i 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/^PHP API => //p') | tail -1)


BuildRequires: php-devel
%files libs
Requires:      php-api = %{php_apiver}
%license GPL
[...]
</pre>
</pre>
There is no way of checking the ABI with packages for Fedora EPEL 5.


For a spec file which is compatible with both Fedora and EPEL 5:
Using the <code>%ldconfig_scriptlets</code> macro will automatically generate a dependency on ldconfig where necessary.  The macro will do nothing at all in Fedora.
<pre>
%global php_apiver  %((echo 0; php -i 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/^PHP API => //p') | tail -1)


%if 0%{?php_zend_api}
If the package or subpackage already has existing <code>%post</code> or <code>%postun</code> scriptlet, then use of <code>%ldconfig_scriptlets</code> will cause an error.  You can use <code>%ldconfig_post</code> or <code>%ldconfig_postun</code> individually to generate a scriptlet which doesn't already conflict.
Requires:    php(zend-abi) = %{php_zend_api}
Requires:    php(api) = %{php_core_api}
%else
Requires:    php-api = %{php_apiver}
%endif
</pre>


No API/ABI dependencies are available for Fedora '''EPEL 4''' packages.
Within an existing <code>%post</code> or <code>%postun</code> scriptlet, use <code>%{?ldconfig}</code> on its own line to call ldconfig on those releases which need it.  This will do nothing when not needed.  When calling ldconfig in this way, you MUST also have the proper dependency on /sbin/ldconfig: <code>Requires(post): /sbin/ldconfig</code> and/or <code>Requires(postun): /sbin/ldconfig</code> as appropriate.  (This will generate an unnecessary dependency on releases which do not strictly need it, but this does no harm.)


=== PHP PECL Module Scriptlets ===
=== GSettings Schema ===
On EPEL (EL-4/EL-5), the Fedora scriptlets for properly registering and unregistering the module have to be wrapped with conditionals checking for the existence of %{pecl_install} and %{pecl_uninstall}:
GSettings is the configuration system used by the GNOME 3 desktop. It replaces the older GConf
<pre>
system, which was used in GNOME 2. GSettings has pluggable backends, the 'native' one for GNOME is using DConf to store settings. The GSettings API and utilities are part of the glib2 package.
%if 0%{?pecl_install:1}
%post
%{pecl_install} %{pecl_xmldir}/%{name}.xml >/dev/null || :
%endif


Programs which use GSettings install schema information including default values in the directory %{_datadir}/glib-2.0/schemas. Schema files are xml files with the extension .gschema.xml. At runtime, GSettings uses the schemas in a compiled binary (but arch-neutral) form, which is created by running the glib-compile-schemas utility. /usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas must be run whenever the set of installed schemas changes.


%if 0%{?pecl_uninstall:1}
<pre>
%postun
%postun
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
%{pecl_uninstall} %{pecl_name} >/dev/null || :
    /usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas %{_datadir}/glib-2.0/schemas &> /dev/null || :
fi
fi
%endif
 
%posttrans
    /usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas %{_datadir}/glib-2.0/schemas &> /dev/null || :
</pre>
</pre>


=== pkgconfig ===
=== gdk-pixbuf loaders ===
 
gdk-pixbuf is a library that is part of the gdk-pixbuf2 package. It is for loading images in various formats in GNOME. gdk-pixbuf can be extended by implementing loaders for image formats in loadable modules. These loadable modules have to be installed in %{_libdir}/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders. To avoid opening all modules in that directory unnecessarily, gdk-pixbuf maintains a cache with information about the available modules in the text file %{_libdir}/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache. This cache file needs to be updated when the set of installed modules changes, by calling the /usr/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders binary. Multilib considerations force us to install the binary in -32 and -64 variants.
rpm in EPEL5 and below does not automatically create dependencies for pkgconfig files. Packages containing pkgconfig(.pc) files must <code>Requires: pkgconfig</code> (for directory ownership and usability).
 
=== python byte compilation ===


In EPEL5 the automatic byte compilation of python files that is performed by brp-python-bytecompile byte compiles all files that match *.py  This is undesirable for program files in %{_bindir} and %{_sbindir} because the user will probably never invoke these files, only the main program file and python won't use these files.  There are two workarounds:
The scriptlets to maintain the cache file are:
<ol>
<li>Rename scripts in %{_bindir} to not have a .py extension:  For instance, from /usr/bin/orient.py to /usr/bin/orient.</li>
<li>Use %exclude to exclude the scripts from the file listing:
<pre>
<pre>
%files
%postun
%{_bindir}/orient.py
    /usr/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :
%exclude %{_bindir}/orient.pyc
%exclude %{_bindir}/orient.pyo
</pre></li>
</ol>


=== noarch subpackages ===
%post
EL 5 and earlier do not support noarch subpackages.  If your build fails due to unpackaged debuginfo files ensure that the <code>BuildArch: noarch</code> is wrapped in an if to make sure its not used on EL-5 and earlier.
if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then
    # For upgrades, the cache will be regenerated by the new package's %postun
    /usr/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :
fi
</pre>  


=== xz compression ===
Note the use of %{__isa_bits}, which is an rpm macro that expands to either 32 or 64,
Tar in EL 5 and earlier does not support extracting xz-compressed
depending on the architecture of the package.
tarballs.  To extract such tarballs, use the following %prep section:
<pre>
%prep
xzcat %{SOURCE0} | tar -xf -
%setup -qDT
</pre>


=== Group tag ===
=== GTK+ modules ===
The GTK+ toolkit (in the gtk3 package) can be extended by loadable modules which can provide theme engines, input methods, print backends or other functionality. These modules have to be installed in subdirectories of %{_libdir}/gtk-3.0 or %{_libdir}/gtk-3.0/3.0.0. For the input methods, GTK+ maintains a cache in the text file %{_libdir}/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/immodules.cache. This cache file needs to be updated when the set of installed input methods changes, by calling the gtk-query-immodules-3.0 binary. Multilib considerations force us to install the binary in -32 and -64 variants.


rpm in EPEL5 and below requires a Group: tag.
The scriptlets to maintain the cache file are:
 
=== BuildRoot tag ===
 
rpm in EPEL5 and below does not automatically provide a value for the ''BuildRoot'' tag, so one must be provided in the spec by the packager.
 
The ''BuildRoot'' value MUST be below <code>%{_tmppath}/</code> and MUST contain at least <code>%{name}</code>, <code>%{version}</code> and <code>%{release}</code>. It may invoke <code>mktemp</code> since this is guaranteed to exist on every system. From there, packagers are expected to use a sane ''BuildRoot''.
 
The ''recommended'' values for the ''BuildRoot'' tag are (in descending order of preference) :
<pre>
<pre>
%(mktemp -ud %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-XXXXXX)
%postun
%{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root-%(%{__id_u} -n)
/usr/bin/gtk-query-immodules-3.0-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :
%{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root
</pre>
If unsure, simply pick the first.


{{Anchor|PreppingBuildRootForInstall}}
%post
==== Prepping BuildRoot For %install ====
if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then
It is important to properly prepare the ''BuildRoot'' in the <code>%install</code> section of your package before it is used as rpm in EPEL5 and below does not do this automatically. Package for these releases MUST have an %install section that begins with either:
    # For upgrades, the cache will be regenerated by the new package's %postun
    /usr/bin/gtk-query-immodules-3.0-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :
fi
</pre>


<pre>
The 3.0 in the binary name is there because gtk2 has its own utility for the same purpose, called gtk-query-immodules-2.0. Note the use of %{__isa_bits}, which is an rpm macro that expands to either 32 or 64, depending on the architecture of the package.
%install
rm -rf %{buildroot}
</pre>


or
=== GIO modules ===
GIO is a library that is part of the glib2 package. It is a low-level part of the GNOME stack.  GIO can be extended by implementing [http://library.gnome.org/devel/gio/2.26/extending-gio.html extension points] in loadable modules. These loadable modules have to be installed in %{_libdir}/gio/modules. To avoid opening all modules in that directory
unnecessarily, GIO maintains a cache with information about the available modules in the
text file giomodule.cache in the same directory. This cache file needs to be updated when the set of installed modules changes, by calling the gio-querymodules binary. Multilib considerations force us to install the binary in -32 and -64 variants.


The scriptlets to maintain the cache file are:
<pre>
<pre>
%install
%postun
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
/usr/bin/gio-querymodules-%{__isa_bits} %{_libdir}/gio/modules &> /dev/null || :
</pre>


This is to ensure that the ''BuildRoot'' will be created fresh during the <code>%install</code> section.
%post
# We run this after every install or upgrade because of a cornercase
# when installing the second architecture of a multilib package
/usr/bin/gio-querymodules-%{__isa_bits} %{_libdir}/gio/modules || :
</pre>  


==== Cleaning BuildRoot in %clean ====
Note the use of %{__isa_bits}, which is an rpm macro that expands to either 32 or 64,
The %clean section is not required for F-13 and above, and EPEL 6 and above. EPEL 5 MUST have a %clean section that cleans the buildroot:
depending on the architecture of the package.


=== mimeinfo ===
Use this when a package drops an XML file in %{_datadir}/mime/packages.
<pre>
<pre>
%clean
%post
rm -rf %{buildroot}
/bin/touch --no-create %{_datadir}/mime/packages &>/dev/null || :
</pre>


or
%postun
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
  /usr/bin/update-mime-database %{_datadir}/mime &> /dev/null || :
fi


<pre>
%posttrans
%clean
/usr/bin/update-mime-database %{?fedora:-n} %{_datadir}/mime &> /dev/null || :
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
</pre>
</pre>


{{Anchor|scrollkeeper}}
Note that similarly to the gtk-update-icon-cache code, these scriptlets should be run only if the user has update-mime-info installed and without a specific Requires: shared-mime-infoIf shared-mime-info is not installed, update-mime-database won't be run when this package is installedThis does not matter because it will be run when the shared-mime-info package is installed.
 
=== Scrollkeeper ===
For EL-4 and EL-5, Gnome and KDE use the scrollkeeper cataloging system to keep track of documentation installed on the systemScrollkeeper allows the help system to sort and search documentation metadata stored in .omf filesWhen you add documentation in these systems you need to make scrollkeeper aware that the documentation has been changed.


Note that we BuildRequires scrollkeeper as most Makefile's are setup to install the necessary scrollkeeper files only if scrollkeeper is present at install time.
=== desktop-database ===
Use this when a desktop entry has a ''''''MimeType key.
<pre>
<pre>
BuildRequires:  scrollkeeper
Requires(post): scrollkeeper
Requires(postun): scrollkeeper
...
%post
%post
scrollkeeper-update -q -o %{_datadir}/omf/%{name} || :
/usr/bin/update-desktop-database &> /dev/null || :


%postun
%postun
scrollkeeper-update -q || :
/usr/bin/update-desktop-database &> /dev/null || :
</pre>
Note: This scriptlet follows the same convention as mimeinfo files and gtk-icon-cache.  Namely, the spec file should not Require desktop-file-utils for this.  For older releases, one should
<pre>
Requires(post): desktop-file-utils
Requires(postun): desktop-file-utils
</pre>
</pre>
These two scriptlets tell scrollkeeper to update its indexes to account for the new scrollkeeper files.
(See http://bugzilla.redhat.com/180898 and http://bugzilla.redhat.com/180899)


{{Anchor|GConf}}
=== Icon Cache ===
=== GConf Scriptlets ===
If an application installs icons into one of the subdirectories in <code>%{_datadir}/icons/</code> (such as <code>hicolor</code> in the following examples), icon caches must be updated so that the installed icons show up in menus right after package installation.  This consists of updating the timestamp of the top-level icon directory where the icons were installed, and running <code>gtk-update-icon-cache</code>.  'touch'ing the top-level dir is done so that environments compatible with the [http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/latest/ar01s08.html Icon theme specification] can refresh their caches, and <code>gtk-update-icon-cache</code> which is additionally required for GNOME also does its work based on the dir timestamp.
In Fedora, we now use macros for our GConf2 scriptlets, but for EL-4 and EL-5, this is not an option. For those targets, please use the old manual scriptlets, as documented below:


<pre>
Note that no dependencies should be added for this. If gtk-update-icon-cache is not available, there's nothing that would be needing the cache update, ditto if "touch" is not available, there's nothing that would benefit from icon cache updates installed yet either. Not adding the dependency on gtk-update-icon-cache (ie. gtk2 >= 2.6.0) or "touch" makes it easier to use the package (or the same specfile) on systems where it's not available nor needed, such as older distro versions or (very) trimmed down installations, and generally results in less entries in specfiles, rpmdb, and repo metadatas.
Requires(pre): GConf2
Requires(post): GConf2
Requires(preun): GConf2
...
%pre
if [ "$1" -gt 1 ] ; then
export GCONF_CONFIG_SOURCE=`gconftool-2 --get-default-source`
gconftool-2 --makefile-uninstall-rule \
%{_sysconfdir}/gconf/schemas/[NAME] .schemas >/dev/null || :
fi
</pre>
In this section we uninstall the old schemas when we upgrade.  The way we do this is first to get information about where gconf stores its values via the gconftool-2 --get-default-source line. Then we uninstall the schema from that source. If the package could be upgrading a package which had another name for the schema at one time, then we uncomment the lines to uninstall those as well.


The next section is for installing the new schema:
<pre>
<pre>
%post
%post
export GCONF_CONFIG_SOURCE=`gconftool-2 --get-default-source`
/bin/touch --no-create %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null || :
gconftool-2 --makefile-install-rule \
%{_sysconfdir}/gconf/schemas/[NAME] .schemas > /dev/null || :
</pre>
Here we do the same things as in the %pre section for upgrading except the gconftool-2 switch used is --makefile-install-rule to install the new schemas instead of the uninstall-rule to remove the old schemas.


The last section deals with deleting the schemas on package removal:
%postun
<pre>
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
%preun
    /bin/touch --no-create %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null
if [ "$1" -eq 0 ] ; then
    /usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null || :
export GCONF_CONFIG_SOURCE=`gconftool-2 --get-default-source`
gconftool-2 --makefile-uninstall-rule \
%{_sysconfdir}/gconf/schemas/[NAME] .schemas > /dev/null || :
fi
fi
</pre>
This snippet is nearly the same as the one for upgrading.  Why can't we just combine this portion with the  %pre portion?  The answer is that we want to delete any old versions of the schema during an upgrade.  But this has to happen before we install the new version (in the %post script) otherwise we end up removing the schema that the upgrading package installs.  However, if it really is a removal that will leave no other instances of this package on the system, we have to clean up the schema before deleting it.


=== Scriptlets requirements ===
%posttrans
Do not use the <code>Requires(pre,post)</code> style notation for scriptlet dependencies, because of two bugs in RPM. Instead, they should be split like this:
/usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null || :
<pre>
Requires(pre): ...
Requires(post): ...
</pre>
</pre>
For more information, see [http://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2004-April/msg00674.html this mailing list post] .


[[Category:EPEL]]
[[Category:EPEL]]
[[Category:Policy]]
[[Category:Policy]]

Revision as of 18:12, 17 July 2019

This page contains guidelines which are no longer relevant to Fedora, but still apply to EPEL packages. These guidelines are designed to avoid conflict with the larger Fedora Packaging Guidelines, but should any conflicts occur, these guidelines should take precedence (on EPEL packages).

As a reminder, these guidelines only apply to EPEL packages, not to Fedora packages.

Rich Dependencies

Neither RPM nor Yum in either EPEL-7 or EPEL-6 supports rich (or Boolean) dependencies.

The %license tag

RHEL6 does not include a definition of the %license macro, so the epel-rpm-macros package (which is present for every build) will map it to %doc. This renders it unnecessary to define %license by hand. However, due to bugs in the SCL macros, this definition will not exist if the SCL macros package is present on the system. This should not affect packages when they are built in the build system, but users who do have have the SCL macros installed may see issues when building such packages locally.

Limited Arch Packages

When RHEL ships a package for only a subset of available arches, it's possibly for EPEL to ship that same package in order to satisfy dependencies in the other arches in EPEL. In order to do this:

  1. Make sure the package is not shipped for all architectures. The valid architectures are:
    • EPEL6: i686, ppc64, x86_64
    • EPEL7: aarch64, ppc64, ppc64le, x86_64.
  2. Make sure the package meets the Fedora licensing and distribution rules. Nothing non-free or under an unacceptable license.
  3. Notify the epel-devel list of your intention to add this package.
  4. Change the release of the package to have a leading 0. EXAMPLE: RHEL has foobar-1.0-1, you change it to foobar-1.0-0.1 for EPEL.
  5. Add a Changelog entry that the package was added to EPEL and has a 0 leading version to keep it older than RHEL.
  6. Request the branch you need (el6 or epel7) using fedpkg request-branch.
  7. Import and build your package, submit as update.
  8. Watch the RHEL version of the package. When it updates, you should update the EPEL version too. You should never update other than that.

NOTE: Do not add ExclusiveArch tags, this will break building on the other architectures!

EPEL 6

SysV initscripts

SysV initscripts are used only in EPEL6. Packages for EPEL7 and later MUST provide systemd units as described in Packaging:Systemd.

Provides and Requires Filtering

Stop (medium size).png
EPEL ONLY
These filtering mechanisms are considered deprecated in Fedora packages and must not be used there.

Generic Filtering on EPEL6

On EPEL6, the version of rpm is too old to support the Fedora methods of filtering Provides and Requires. Please the older guidelines instead: EPEL:Packaging_Autoprovides_and_Requires_Filtering

In %prep (preferred)

Filtering can be done entirely in the SPEC file, in the %prep section:

%prep
%setup -q -n Foo-%{version}

cat << \EOF > %{name}-prov
#!/bin/sh
%{__perl_provides} $* |\
sed -e '/perl(unwanted_provide)/d'
EOF

%global __perl_provides %{_builddir}/%{name}-%{version}/%{name}-prov
chmod +x %{__perl_provides}


cat << \EOF > %{name}-req
#!/bin/sh
%{__perl_requires} $* |\
sed -e '/perl(unwanted_require)/d'
EOF

%global __perl_requires %{_builddir}/%{name}-%{version}/%{name}-req
chmod +x %{__perl_requires}

External filtering

Or the script can be placed in an external file and referenced from the specfile. This is worse than the above because the full path of the to-be-overridden script needs to be hardcoded into the file, ignoring the system rpmbuild config. It is, however, the method used by a significant number of existing packages.

Source98: filter-provides.sh
Source99: filter-requires.sh

%global __perl_provides %{SOURCE98}
%global __perl_requires %{SOURCE99}

where filter-provides.sh contains:

#!/bin/sh
/usr/lib/rpm/perl.prov $* |
sed -e '/perl(unwanted_provide)/d'

and filter-requires.sh contains:

#!/bin/sh
/usr/lib/rpm/perl.req $* |
sed -e '/perl(unwanted_require)/d'

PHP PEAR Macros

In EPEL6, the "%{pear_macrodir}" macro is not defined. The simplest fix is to add this line to your spec file:

%{!?pear_metadir: %global pear_metadir %{pear_phpdir}}

Alternately, simply use %{pear_phpdir} instead.

Scriptlets

Fedora has been moving towards the use of file triggers and away from requiring that packagers cut and paste scriptlets into loads of packages. These scriptlets would still be needed for EPEL, and as scriptlets are no longer needed in any Fedora release, they're moved here.

Shared Libraries

On EPEL 7 and older, ldconfig MUST be called properly in order to regenerate the dynamic linker's cache. If the package or subpackage has no existing %post or %postun scriptlets, simply include the %ldconfig_scriptlets macro on its own line before the %files list.

[...]
%install
# Install the program

%ldconfig_scriptlets libs

%files libs
%license GPL
[...]

Using the %ldconfig_scriptlets macro will automatically generate a dependency on ldconfig where necessary. The macro will do nothing at all in Fedora.

If the package or subpackage already has existing %post or %postun scriptlet, then use of %ldconfig_scriptlets will cause an error. You can use %ldconfig_post or %ldconfig_postun individually to generate a scriptlet which doesn't already conflict.

Within an existing %post or %postun scriptlet, use %{?ldconfig} on its own line to call ldconfig on those releases which need it. This will do nothing when not needed. When calling ldconfig in this way, you MUST also have the proper dependency on /sbin/ldconfig: Requires(post): /sbin/ldconfig and/or Requires(postun): /sbin/ldconfig as appropriate. (This will generate an unnecessary dependency on releases which do not strictly need it, but this does no harm.)

GSettings Schema

GSettings is the configuration system used by the GNOME 3 desktop. It replaces the older GConf system, which was used in GNOME 2. GSettings has pluggable backends, the 'native' one for GNOME is using DConf to store settings. The GSettings API and utilities are part of the glib2 package.

Programs which use GSettings install schema information including default values in the directory %{_datadir}/glib-2.0/schemas. Schema files are xml files with the extension .gschema.xml. At runtime, GSettings uses the schemas in a compiled binary (but arch-neutral) form, which is created by running the glib-compile-schemas utility. /usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas must be run whenever the set of installed schemas changes.

%postun
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
    /usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas %{_datadir}/glib-2.0/schemas &> /dev/null || :
fi

%posttrans
    /usr/bin/glib-compile-schemas %{_datadir}/glib-2.0/schemas &> /dev/null || :

gdk-pixbuf loaders

gdk-pixbuf is a library that is part of the gdk-pixbuf2 package. It is for loading images in various formats in GNOME. gdk-pixbuf can be extended by implementing loaders for image formats in loadable modules. These loadable modules have to be installed in %{_libdir}/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders. To avoid opening all modules in that directory unnecessarily, gdk-pixbuf maintains a cache with information about the available modules in the text file %{_libdir}/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache. This cache file needs to be updated when the set of installed modules changes, by calling the /usr/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders binary. Multilib considerations force us to install the binary in -32 and -64 variants.

The scriptlets to maintain the cache file are:

%postun
    /usr/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :

%post
if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then
    # For upgrades, the cache will be regenerated by the new package's %postun
    /usr/bin/gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :
fi

Note the use of %{__isa_bits}, which is an rpm macro that expands to either 32 or 64, depending on the architecture of the package.

GTK+ modules

The GTK+ toolkit (in the gtk3 package) can be extended by loadable modules which can provide theme engines, input methods, print backends or other functionality. These modules have to be installed in subdirectories of %{_libdir}/gtk-3.0 or %{_libdir}/gtk-3.0/3.0.0. For the input methods, GTK+ maintains a cache in the text file %{_libdir}/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/immodules.cache. This cache file needs to be updated when the set of installed input methods changes, by calling the gtk-query-immodules-3.0 binary. Multilib considerations force us to install the binary in -32 and -64 variants.

The scriptlets to maintain the cache file are:

%postun
/usr/bin/gtk-query-immodules-3.0-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :

%post
if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then
    # For upgrades, the cache will be regenerated by the new package's %postun
    /usr/bin/gtk-query-immodules-3.0-%{__isa_bits} --update-cache &> /dev/null || :
fi

The 3.0 in the binary name is there because gtk2 has its own utility for the same purpose, called gtk-query-immodules-2.0. Note the use of %{__isa_bits}, which is an rpm macro that expands to either 32 or 64, depending on the architecture of the package.

GIO modules

GIO is a library that is part of the glib2 package. It is a low-level part of the GNOME stack. GIO can be extended by implementing extension points in loadable modules. These loadable modules have to be installed in %{_libdir}/gio/modules. To avoid opening all modules in that directory unnecessarily, GIO maintains a cache with information about the available modules in the text file giomodule.cache in the same directory. This cache file needs to be updated when the set of installed modules changes, by calling the gio-querymodules binary. Multilib considerations force us to install the binary in -32 and -64 variants.

The scriptlets to maintain the cache file are:

%postun
/usr/bin/gio-querymodules-%{__isa_bits} %{_libdir}/gio/modules &> /dev/null || :

%post
# We run this after every install or upgrade because of a cornercase
# when installing the second architecture of a multilib package 
/usr/bin/gio-querymodules-%{__isa_bits} %{_libdir}/gio/modules || :

Note the use of %{__isa_bits}, which is an rpm macro that expands to either 32 or 64, depending on the architecture of the package.

mimeinfo

Use this when a package drops an XML file in %{_datadir}/mime/packages.

%post
/bin/touch --no-create %{_datadir}/mime/packages &>/dev/null || :

%postun
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
  /usr/bin/update-mime-database %{_datadir}/mime &> /dev/null || :
fi

%posttrans
/usr/bin/update-mime-database %{?fedora:-n} %{_datadir}/mime &> /dev/null || :

Note that similarly to the gtk-update-icon-cache code, these scriptlets should be run only if the user has update-mime-info installed and without a specific Requires: shared-mime-info. If shared-mime-info is not installed, update-mime-database won't be run when this package is installed. This does not matter because it will be run when the shared-mime-info package is installed.

desktop-database

Use this when a desktop entry has a 'MimeType key.

%post
/usr/bin/update-desktop-database &> /dev/null || :

%postun
/usr/bin/update-desktop-database &> /dev/null || :

Note: This scriptlet follows the same convention as mimeinfo files and gtk-icon-cache. Namely, the spec file should not Require desktop-file-utils for this. For older releases, one should

Requires(post): desktop-file-utils
Requires(postun): desktop-file-utils

(See http://bugzilla.redhat.com/180898 and http://bugzilla.redhat.com/180899)

Icon Cache

If an application installs icons into one of the subdirectories in %{_datadir}/icons/ (such as hicolor in the following examples), icon caches must be updated so that the installed icons show up in menus right after package installation. This consists of updating the timestamp of the top-level icon directory where the icons were installed, and running gtk-update-icon-cache. 'touch'ing the top-level dir is done so that environments compatible with the Icon theme specification can refresh their caches, and gtk-update-icon-cache which is additionally required for GNOME also does its work based on the dir timestamp.

Note that no dependencies should be added for this. If gtk-update-icon-cache is not available, there's nothing that would be needing the cache update, ditto if "touch" is not available, there's nothing that would benefit from icon cache updates installed yet either. Not adding the dependency on gtk-update-icon-cache (ie. gtk2 >= 2.6.0) or "touch" makes it easier to use the package (or the same specfile) on systems where it's not available nor needed, such as older distro versions or (very) trimmed down installations, and generally results in less entries in specfiles, rpmdb, and repo metadatas.

%post
/bin/touch --no-create %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null || :

%postun
if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then
    /bin/touch --no-create %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null
    /usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null || :
fi

%posttrans
/usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor &>/dev/null || :