Airport information
See the BTS airport webpage.
Getting to the centre of Bratislava
The best option is probably to go by public transport: bus #61 starts at the airport and terminates at the main railway staion ("Hlavna stanica"). The journey takes 25 mins, the bus goes every 20 mins (details).
You need to obtain a 30-min ticket, labeled 18 Sk, before entering the bus; then you have to stamp it immediately after entering the bus.
This can be tricky: you are going to pay 36 SKK (1.2 EUR) in change for two tickets (another one for return), but SKK (Slovak koruna) is different currency then CZK used in Brno. Since this may be the only occasion when you need Slovak koruna, you might better ask someone at the airport for the micro-exchange.
Getting to Brno
By train
Use the web schedule to plan for a suitable train.
At Bratislava, "Hlavna stanica," both euros and credit cards are accepted (though perhaps not at every counter; follow the labels or ask).
Return ticket is EUR 9.9, one-way is EUR 7. (Exceptions are the SuperCity trains and the EuroNight sleep trains.)
There are discounted group tickets: for return ticket, they are available for 2+ groups and the discount seems to be (n-1) * EUR 1.30 (obviously, you cannot split for the way back). For one-way tickets, discounts are available for 6+ groups.
[SuperCity Pendolino] is a nice modern train; local people feel quite excited when using it, but if you are comin from France you have no chance to be impressed.
There is only one SuperCity connection currently: at 5.42 from Bratislava and back from Brno at 20.51. With return ticket, you have to buy a seat reservation for EUR 3 for each direction for which you are going to use the SuperCity train. For one way, you have to buy a ticket for EUR 10.40 instead of the normal one.
By bus
There are buses by Student Agency, but they are slower and more expensive than train (2 hrs, CZK 220, i.e EUR 9.20, no discounts for <=26 nor ISIC). Reportedly, there is a long term reconstruction on the way from Brno to Slovakia, which adds extra 30 mins (otherwise bus would come only 1 1/2 hrs, I guess).