FedUp/el

Μετάφραση
Η μετάφραση της παρούσας σελίδας βρίσκεται σε εξέλιξη. Για συζητήσεις, απορίες ή οτιδήποτε άλλο, μεταβείτε στην σελίδα συζήτησης.

Τι είναι ο FedUp;

Ο FedUp (FEDora UPgrader) είναι ένα νέο σύστημα αναβάθμισης των διανομών Fedora, από το Fedora 18 και μετά. Αντικαθιστά όλες τις προηγούμενες προτεινόμενες μεθόδους αναβάθμισης (PreUpgrade και DVD) που χρησιμοποιούνται σε προηγούμενες εκδόσεις Fedora. Ο Anaconda, ο εγκαταστάτης του Fedora, δεν περιέχει κάποια ενσωματωμένη μέθοδο αναβάθμισης από τις εκδόσεις Fedora 18 και μετά. Αυτή η λειτουργία έχει ανατεθεί εξ' ολοκλήρου στον FedUp.

Αυτή τη στιγμή, ο FedUp είναι ικανός να χειριστεί αναβαθμίσεις μεταξύ όλων των υποστηριζόμενων εκδόσεων Fedora, από ένα δικτυακό αποθετήριο ή από ένα DVD που θα χρησιμοποιηθεί ως πηγή. Οι αναβαθμίσεις από EOL εκδόσεις Fedora ίσως να λειτουργήσουν σωστά, αλλά πρέπει να ξέρετε ότι δεν υποστηρίζονται. Περισσότερες μέθοδοι αναβάθμισης έχουν προγραμματιστεί να συμπεριληφθούν και αυτή η σελίδα θα ενημερώνεται καθώς ενσωματώνονται.

Πως λειτουργεί ο FedUp;

Το σύστημα του FedUp αποτελείται από δυο μέρη - τον client που χρησιμοποιείται για να κατεβάσει τα πακέτα και να προετοιμάσει την αναβάθμιση και ένα περιβάλλον pre-boot που εκτελεί την κανονική αναβάθμιση χρησιμοποιώντας τον systemd και τον yum. Περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες για την διαδικασία μπορείτε να βρείτε σε μια ανάρτηση που έχει γίνει από τον δημιουργό του FedUp(Αγγλικά).

Τα αρχεία κατεβαίνουν στην τοποθεσία /var/tmp/system-upgrade (ή στην καθορισμένη από το --cachedir [χρειάζεται εφαρμογή;]) και θα εκκαθαριστούν αυτόματα αφού ολοκληρωθεί με επιτυχία η διαδικασία της αναβάθμισης.

Ο FedUp Client

Ο FedUP client τρέχει στο σύστημα το οποίο θα αναβαθμιστεί. Συλλέγει πληροφορίες για να πακέτα που χρειάζονται αναβάθμιση και επιπροσθέτως κατεβάζει τα απαραίτητα initramfs και τον πυρήνα που χρειάζεται για την πραγματική αναβάθμιση. Προς στιγμήν, μόνο ένα περιβάλλον γραμμής εντολών (CLI) είναι διαθέσιμο για τον FedUp, αλλά και ένα γραφικό περιβάλλον (GUI) αναμένεται να ενσωματωθεί...κάποια στιγμή.

Η Αναβάθμιση

Η πραγματική αναβάθμιση συμβαίνει όταν γίνει επανεκκίνηση στο σύστημα, αφού έχει τρέξει ο FedUp client. Τα συστήματα αρχείων προσαρτώνται κατά την διάρκεια της εκκίνησης, τα ήδη κατεβασμένα πακέτα εγκαθίστανται και γίνονται κάποιες εργασίες σχετικές με την αναβάθμιση. Κατά την διάρκεια της αναβάθμισης, ένα ειδικό θέμα plymouth χρησιμοποιείται, το οποίο μέσω μιας γραμμής προόδου, δείχνει την πραγματική πρόοδο της αναβάθμισης.

Τα Επακόλουθα

Όταν η αναβάθμιση ολοκληρωθεί, ο FedUp θα κάνει επανεκκίνηση το σύστημά σας αυτόματα. Αυτό γίνεται έτσι ώστε να μπορείτε να τρέξετε αυτό το σημείο της αναβάθμισης «ασυνόδευτα»(χωρίς να είστε μπροστά στον υπολογιστή) και να επιστρέψετε στο πλέον αναβαθμισμένο σύστημά σας. Προσέξτε όμως ότι, αν έχετε κάποιο μέσο εγκατάστασης συνδεδεμένο στον υπολογιστή(CD/DVD/USB), τότε ίσως να γίνει επανεκκίνηση σε αυτό το μέσο αντί για τον σκληρό δίσκο, όταν ολοκληρωθεί η αναβάθμιση. Αν αφήσετε το σύστημά σας και επανέλθετε και δείτε κάποιον εγκαταστάτη του Fedora ή κάτι παρόμοιο, τότε μάλλον έχει συμβεί το προηγούμενο.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does my upgrade to Fedora 20 fail (immediately reboot to my old Fedora)?

Because we messed up! Sorry about that. FedUp 0.7, which was in the Fedora 18 and 19 stable repositories at the time of Fedora 20's release, cannot successfully upgrade to Fedora 20. FedUp 0.8, though, can do it just fine. You should use FedUp 0.8 to upgrade to Fedora 20. If you're upgrading from Fedora 18, you'll need to pass --nogpgcheck. See the Common Bugs page for all the details.

How do I report issues that I find with upgrades?

First see Common F19 bugs or Common F20 bugs to check if the problem is a very prominent issue we already know of. If it is not there, the component for reporting problems depends on the exact issue that you hit:

Issues with upgrade preparation

If you hit issues when using the FedUp client (fedup) before reboot, search or file a bug against FedUp using the version you are upgrading from.

Issues During Upgrade

If you hit issues after upgrade preparation and the initial reboot, search or file a bug against fedup-dracut using the version you are upgrading to.

Issues After Upgrade

If you hit issues after upgrade with a specific package, file a bug against the package with which you are having issues.

How do I Debug Issues During Upgrade?

A troubleshooting and debug guide will be written at some point and linked to from here.

Does FedUp verify the software it runs or installs during upgrade?

Since version 0.8, it does so by default. The package signing keys for newer Fedora releases are now sent to older Fedora releases in order to allow FedUp to verify the integrity of the packages it downloads. You can disable this function with the --nogpgcheck parameter if you need to do so for any reason.

Will packages in third party repositories be upgraded?

Yes, if they are set up like regular yum repositories and do not hard code the repository path. Commonly-used third party repositories usually work fine, but if you attempt to upgrade prior to or soon after an official Fedora release, they may not have updated their repository paths yet, and FedUp may be unable to find their packages. This will usually not prevent the upgrade running successfully, though, and you can update the packages from the third-party repository later.

Can I use FedUp to upgrade to a pre-release (e.g. a beta)?

Yes. After a Fedora release has been branched, it should be possible to upgrade to it using FedUp. It should also work after the Alpha and Beta releases. Of course, this function is as subject to temporary breakage as any other aspect of a pre-release.

See this email to the Fedora devel mailing list for more details.

Πως μπορώ να αναβαθμίσω το σύστημα μου με τον FedUp;

As alluded to above, there are three parts to upgrading with FedUp - preparation, execution and cleanup.

Before you start doing anything, be sure to have a look at Common F20 bugs#Upgrade_issues and read about the most common bugs found.

Preparing for the Upgrade

Latest fedup
Make sure that you install the latest version of the fedup client on the system to be upgraded. At the time of this writing (2013-12-17), that is fedup-0.8.0-3.

1. Do a full system update and reboot to ensure that any kernel changes are running
2. Install fedup
   • Usually, it is best to try first with the latest fedup available in the stable update repository for the release you are running. If you encounter problems with the upgrade, and a newer fedup is available in the updates-testing repository for your current release, you may wish to try with this newer version: yum --enablerepo=updates-testing install fedup at the command line)

There are three options for sourcing the packages needed for upgrade - using a network repository, a local ISO file or a local device (hard drive, optical disk etc).

Network upgrade is strongly recommended
It is strongly recommended to use the network upgrade instead of offline update modes (ISO, local device). Network upgrade will ensure you receive the latest packages from the target release. If you use local media containing older packages, you might end up with a mixture of packages from your former and target release, and the system might not work properly until you fully update it after reboot (if it boots at all).

Network

Using a network source is the easiest method of upgrading and will pull in updates while upgrading - eliminating the potential issue if your current system has a newer kernel version than the Fedora release to which you are upgrading.

1. Start the upgrade prep by executing following commands
   • sudo yum update fedup fedora-release
   • sudo fedup --network 20
2. Once the preparations have completed, check the /var/log/fedup.log file if any errors show up in the output from fedup

ISO File

In order to use an ISO file, it needs to exist locally on the filesystem of the system to be upgraded. The documentation is written as if that file is /home/user/fedora-20.iso but you will need to replace all instances of that path with the actual path of the ISO. Updates will be pulled in if you have network access on the machine to be upgraded.

1. Download the Fedora 39 ISO appropriate for the arch that you are running
   • For the sake of example, we will assume that the ISO exists at /home/user/fedora-20.iso but it can be anywhere in the filesystem as long as you alter the path below to reflect the actual location of the ISO. Make sure you have downloaded Fedora DVD ISO image otherwise you will get an error "The given ISO probably isn't an install DVD image" when run fedup-cli command.
2. Start the upgrade prep by executing the following command
   • sudo fedup-cli --iso /home/user/fedora-20.iso
3. Once the preparations have completed, check the /var/log/fedup.log file if any errors show up in the output from fedup-cli

Other Device

Optical drives and other mountable storage can also be used as a package source for upgrade preparations.

1. Mount the source material
   • For the sake of example, we will assume that this source is mounted at /mnt/fedora but you can mount it anywhere as long as you replace /mnt/fedora in the command below with the actual mounted location of the upgrade source.
2. Start the upgrade preparations by executing the following command
   • sudo fedup-cli --device /mnt/fedora --debuglog=fedupdebug.log
3. Once the preparations have completed, check the fedupdebug.log file if any errors show up in the output from fedup-cli

Executing the Upgrade

1. Reboot the system if fedup has completed without error.
2. Once the system reboots, there should be a new entry in the GRUB menu titled System Upgrade.
   • If you add rd.upgrade.debugshell boot argument, you will get a login shell on VT2, allowing you to tinker with the system in case something goes wrong
3. Select the System Upgrade option from the GRUB menu
   • Remark: If the System Upgrade item is not shown in the grublist at boot, it is most often caused by having a different grub, most often installed by another Linux distribution you may have in multiboot. To correct this quickly: reinstall grub:
     1. grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
     2. grub2-install /dev/sda (replace /dev/sda by any other device you prefer to boot from)
4. The system should boot into the upgrade process and a plymouth boot screen should be displayed
   • Press 'esc' to see a more detailed log. If you switch back to the graphical progress indicator, it will show 0% for the remainder of the upgrade but that does not mean the upgrade has stopped.
5. Once the upgrade process has completed, the system will reboot and an option to boot Fedora 39 will be on the grub menu

Cleaning Up Post Upgrade

It is worth rebuilding the RPM DB to prevent RPMDB checksum error when doing a distribution sync:

sudo rpm --rebuilddb

There are a collection of post-upgrade things to do. Some of which are fixed by doing a distro sync:

sudo yum distro-sync --setopt=deltarpm=0

If you are using google-chrome from the Google repository, you must re-install google-chrome due to a packaging bug on the Google side of things. Make sure to adjust the command to the build type you would like to install:

sudo yum remove google-chrome-\* && sudo yum install google-chrome-[beta,stable,unstable]

Docs TODO

• Write fedup troubleshooting and debug guide
• add note about blob drivers if needed