| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
{{Admon/tip | Barebones Live CD does not support login capability. | Since no configuration is done, the user will not be able to login to the system as the root password is not set/cleared.}} | {{Admon/tip | Barebones Live CD does not support login capability. | Since no configuration is done, the user will not be able to login to the system as the root password is not set/cleared.}} | ||
== | == Testing your Live CD using KVM or qemu == | ||
[[Image:Screenshot_qemu_gtk3.png|thumb|QEMU running Fedora 17]] | [[Image:Screenshot_qemu_gtk3.png|thumb|QEMU running Fedora 17]] | ||
As root: | |||
qemu-kvm -m 2048 -vga qxl -cdrom filename.iso | qemu-kvm -m 2048 -vga qxl -cdrom filename.iso | ||
If you do not have [[Wikipedia:Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine | KVM]] support, you have to use qemu instead | |||
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 2048 -vga qxl -cdrom filename.iso | qemu-system-x86_64 -m 2048 -vga qxl -cdrom filename.iso | ||
Replace '''filename.iso''' with the name of your created Live CD image and '''qemu-system-x86_64''' with an appropriate qemu binary for the target system, e.g '''qemu-system-i386'''. | |||
{{Admon/tip || | {{Admon/tip || Be sure to '''"yum install kvm qemu"''' as root for releases before Fedora 11. Fedora 11 has merged kvm and qemu into a single package. Just installing qemu package is enough.}} | ||
== Utilisation de votre nouvelle image live == | == Utilisation de votre nouvelle image live == | ||
Revision as of 05:40, 3 April 2016
This page explains how to make a custom-content Live CD or DVD on Fedora-based systems including derived distributions such as RHEL, CentOS and others.
If you simply want to burn a pre-made ISO to a disc, visit http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora to download a LiveCD or LiveDVD, then see the install guide or burning how-to for further instructions.
Getting started
To create a live image, the livecd-creator tool is used. Super user privileges are needed. The tool is more or less self-documenting, use livecd-creator --help to see options.
The livecd-creator tool is part of the livecd-tools package. If it is not installed on your system, add it with DNF or YUM:
su -c 'yum install livecd-tools spin-kickstarts' #Versions prior to Fedora 22
or
su -c 'dnf install livecd-tools spin-kickstarts' #Fedora 22 and beyond
If you are interested in localized (i.e. translated into other languages) live CD files, install also l10n-kickstarts.
Configuring the image
The configuration of the live image is defined by a file called kickstart. It can include some basic system configuration items, the package manifest and a script to be run at the end of the build process.
For the Fedora project, the most important live image configurations files are:
- fedora-live-base.ks : The base live image system (included in the 'livecd-tools' package).
- For Fedora 20 and earlier: fedora-livecd-desktop.ks : Complete desktop with applications and input/output support for all supported locales in Fedora (this one is part of the 'spin-kickstarts' package) - despite the name, this is the kickstart that generates the ~1GB-sized images for recent releases.
- For Fedora 21 and later: fedora-live-workstation.ks - this is the Workstation product configuration.
kickstart files for other spins (e.g. Fedora Electronics Lab) can be found in /usr/share/spin-kickstarts/ after installing the 'spin-kickstarts' package. These pre-made configuration files can be a great place to start, as they already have some useful pre and post-installation scripts.
You can create a customized kickstart file by running system-config-kickstart. Note that you might have to install the package first with su -c "dnf install system-config-kickstart" in Fedora 22 and beyond or su -c "yum install system-config-kickstart" in earlier versions of Fedora. This tool is mainly intended for generating kickstart files for automated installs, not live images, so the output will probably not be usable without editing, but it may help you to generate particular kickstart directives. Remember to add the line:
%include /usr/share/spin-kickstarts/fedora-live-base.ks
at the beginning of your kickstart file to include the base live configuration.
Making the image
To make the image, simply issue the following command:
livecd-creator --verbose \ --config=/path/to/kickstart/file.ks \ --fslabel=Image-Label \ --cache =/var/cache/live
The name given by --fs-label is used:
- as a file system label on the ext3 and iso9660 file systems (As such, it's visible on the desktop as the CD name).
- in the isolinux boot loader.
If you have the repositories available locally and don't want to wait for the download of packages, just substitute the URLs listed in the configuration file to point to your local repositories.
If you have an x86_64 machine you're building on but you want a 32-bit happy iso image, add the following before your livecd-creator command:
setarch i686 livecd-creator [...]
Examples
Spinning the fedora desktop
The following command:
livecd-creator --verbose \ --config=/usr/share/spin-kickstarts/fedora-live-workstation.ks \ --fslabel=Fedora-LiveCD \ --cache=/var/cache/live
will create a live CD called "Fedora-LiveCD" using the fedora-live-workstation.ks configuration file.
A Barebones Live CD
The command
livecd-creator --verbose \
--config=/usr/share/doc/livecd-tools-`rpm -q livecd-tools --qf "%{VERSION}"`/livecd-fedora-minimal.ks \
--cache=/var/cache/live
will create a live CD that will boot to a login prompt.
Since no configuration is done, the user will not be able to login to the system as the root password is not set/cleared.
Testing your Live CD using KVM or qemu
As root:
qemu-kvm -m 2048 -vga qxl -cdrom filename.iso
If you do not have KVM support, you have to use qemu instead
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 2048 -vga qxl -cdrom filename.iso
Replace filename.iso with the name of your created Live CD image and qemu-system-x86_64 with an appropriate qemu binary for the target system, e.g qemu-system-i386.
Utilisation de votre nouvelle image live
Vous pouvez graver votre image directement sur un CD ou un DVD si elle peut s'y loger, ou vous pouvez l'écrire sur un média USB.
Depuis Fedora 7, Anaconda prend en charge l'installation à partir d'une image live. Pour le faire, double cliquez sur l'item Install to Hard Drive item sur le bureau ou exécutez dans un terminal :
/usr/bin/liveinstsi un tel item n'apparaît pas sur le bureau. Cependant, à cause de la manière
livecd-creator fonctionne, il n'est pas possible de choisir un jeu de paquets différents ou un système de fichiers différent lors de l'installation.Vérification du média live
L'image live peut inclure la capacité de s'autovérifier. Pour cela, vous devez avoir le paquet isomd5sum installé, à la fois sur le système utilisé pour créer l'image et dans l'image créée. C'est comme cela que les utilitaires implantisomd5 et checkisomd5 peuvent être utilisés. Ces utilitaires tirent un avantage à inclure une somme de contrôle md5 dans l'environnement d'exécution de l'image iso9600. Cette somme sert à la vérification avant de monter le système de fichiers réel.
Other Resources
- A Fedora Classroom class covering creating Fedora remixes.
- If you are distributing your spin you need to be concerned about trademark usage and GPL responsibilities.