QA/Networking/Test environment

Test configuration

IPv4 connectivity

connectivity	details
Global	Host is connected to the Internet using a global IPv4 address.
Masqueraded	Host can access Internet services using a masqueraded private IPv4 address.
Local	Host has a private address with no global connectivity.
Zeroconf	Host has a link-local IPv4 address.
None	Host doesn't have any IPv4 addresses except loopback.

IPv6 connectivity

connectivity	details
Global	Host has at least one link-local address and one global address, the latter being used for global connectivity.
Local	Host has at least one link-local address and one unique local address used for local communication.
Link-local	Client only has a link-local address.
None	Client doesn't have any addresses except loopback.

Target DNS

configuration	A query	AAAA query	notes
Dual-stack	At least one A record	At least one AAAA record
IPv4 only	At least one A record	NODATA
Lost IPv6	At least one A record	Timeout	Typically caused by bad recursive DNS servers
IPv6 only	NODATA	Answer with at least one AAAA record
Multiple IPv4 and IPv6 addresses	At least two A records	At least two AAAA records

Other DNS records typically point to names, not addresses and thus are protocol agnostic but it may still be useful to test e.g. SRV records so that the SRV code path is correct as well.

Notes on connectivity checks

Network application behavior may change based on various connectivity checks. Some of them work with IP addresses, some with routes and some are even based on attempting connections. All of the mentioned types of checks are currently present in glibc name resolution code, so you need to be careful about subtle differences in configuration.

Notes on DNS server IPv4/IPv6 accessibility

It usually doesn't matter how recursive servers are accessed, whether via IPv4 and IPv6, the network is expected to be configured correctly.

Authoritative servers inaccessible via one of the protocols is a rather special case important for domain operators. A bad configuration can make otherwise working IPv6 hosts inaccessible from IPv6-only networks with their own recursive servers.

Client software test cases

Dual-stack to dual-stack

IPv4 connectivity	Global or masuqeraded
IPv6 connectivity	Global
Target DNS	Dual-stack

What is tested:

• Whether IPv6 is preferred over IPv4.
• Whether the component is capable of working over IPv6.
• Whether sequential or parallel DNS resolution is in use.

Expected result (sequential, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests AAAA record and receives a reply.
• Host connects via IPv6.
• No delays, no A query.

Expected result (parallel, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests A and AAAA records simultaneously and receives the AAAA reply.
• Host connects via IPv6.
• No delays, A reply is ignored if received.

Alternative result (parallel, first result wins, no protocol preference):

• Host requests A and AAAA records simultaneously and receives the first reply.
• Host connects via IPv4 or IPv6.
• No delays.

Dual-stack to dual-stack with lost AAAA answer

Same as above, except that the AAAA answer is lost by a broken DNS server.

IPv4 connectivity	Global or masuqeraded
IPv6 connectivity	Global
Target DNS	Lost IPv6

What is tested:

• Wheter the component reverts to IPv4 in reasonable time when AAAA answer gets lost.

Expected result (sequential, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests AAAA record and gives up after a delay (e.g. 15 seconds).
• Host requests A record and receives reply.
• Host connects via IPv4.

Expected result (parallel, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests A and AAAA records simultaneously and receives the A reply.
• Host gives up waiting for AAAA record after a short delay (e.g. 300 milliseconds).
• Host connects via IPv4.

Alternative result (parallel, first result wins):

• Host requests A and AAAA records simultaneously and receives the A reply.
• Host connects via IPv4.
• No delay.

IPv4 to dual-stack with lost AAAA answer

Same as above, except that the host doesn't have any IPv6 address except link-local and loopback.

IPv4 connectivity	Global or masqueraded
IPv6 connectivity	Link-local
Target DNS	Lost IPv6

What is tested:

• Wheter the component suppresses AAAA queries when lacking global IPv6 connectivity.

Expected result:

• Host requests A record and receives reply.
• Host connects via IPv4.
• No delay, no AAAA query.

Dual-stack to dual-stack with lost communication

IPv4 connectivity	Global or masqueraded
IPv6 connectivity	Global but packets to destination get dropped
Target DNS	Dual-stack, DNS server accessed via IPv4

What is tested:

• Whether the component reverts to IPv4 in reasonable time when local or remote network drops all IPv6 communication.

Expected result (sequential, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests AAAA record and receives reply.
• Host attempts connecting to IPv6 and times out.
• Host requests A record and receives reply.
• Host connects via IPv4

Expected result (parallel DNS, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests A and AAAA records simultaneously and waits for AAAA reply.
• Host attempts connecting to IPv6 and times out, receiving A reply in the meantime.
• Host connects via IPv4.

Expected result (parallel DNS, parallel TCP, IPv6 preferred):

• Host requests A and AAAA records simultaneously
• Host attempts IPv4 and IPv6 connections upon receiving the respective records
• IPv4 connection is established
• IPv6 connection is given up after a short delay (e.g. 300 milliseconds)
• IPv4 connection is used