From Fedora Project Wiki
(yum -> dnf)
(50 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{autolang|base=yes}}
{{autolang|base=yes}}


Rawhide is the name given to the current development head of Fedora. It consists of a package repository called "rawhide" and contains the latest build of all Fedora packages updated on a daily basis. Nightly builds are also available during the early portion of the [[Fedora Release Life Cycle]].
Rawhide is the name given to the current development version of Fedora. It consists of a package repository called "rawhide" and contains the latest build of all Fedora packages updated on a daily basis. Nightly live, network install, ARM and Cloud image builds are also available.


== Who should use Rawhide? ==
Rawhide is sometimes called "development" or "master" (as it's the "master" branch in Package git repositories).


End users should not use Rawhide as their main day-to-day workstation. Because Rawhide is a development branch, many changes are not heavily tested (or tested at all) before being released to Rawhide, and packages in Rawhide can and do break without warning. It is even possible that bugs in Rawhide could cause data loss. However, testing Rawhide is a very valuable activity which helps direct Fedora development and ensure that the quality of the stable releases is high. It's also a fun way to try out the latest software almost as soon as it's released. Testing Rawhide is a great way to contribute to Fedora development. You can try Rawhide or [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] (depending on the point in the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}/Schedule|release cycle]]) from the [http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/nightly-composes/ nightly live builds] without needing to install it at all. Otherwise, you can install it if you have a spare system, or are willing to install Rawhide on an existing system and dual boot, or use a virtual machine.
== Goals ==


== Nightly live builds ==
Rawhide has the following Goals:


After the release of the previous final release, but before the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}|Branch event]], [http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/nightly-composes/ nightly builds] will be composed of Rawhide packages. These are built automatically without manual tweaking or testing, so they will sometimes be beyond the size of a single CD, and sometimes may not work at all. If there is a bug in the generation toolchain, the images may not be built on a given night; in this case, the most recent image will remain available. Using these nightly builds is an ideal way to test Rawhide if you have no spare machine or partition available, or simply do not have the time to maintain a Rawhide installation. It's a very safe way to test, since it will make no changes to your installed system. You can also install Rawhide to your hard drive from the Live desktop if the Live image is working well for you.  During the rest of the release cycle, daily builds will contain [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] content, and you must use a repository to install Rawhide - though you can build a custom spin using Revisor if you need to test a Live distribution.
* To allow package maintainers to integrate the newest '''usable''' versions of their packages into Fedora.  
* To allow advanced users access to the newest '''usable''' packages in a rolling manner.
* To allow incremental changes to packages that are either too minor or major to go to stable Fedora releases.
* To identify and fix issues with packages before they reach a stable release of Fedora.


See [[FedoraLiveCD]] for more information.
== Audience ==


== Installing Rawhide ==
Rawhide is targeted at advanced users, testers and package maintainers.


Rawhide is meant to be installable, however, a particular Rawhide tree may not be installable due to bugs in the installer or other packages. There are many ways to install Rawhide.
As a Rawhide consumer, you should:


=== Rawhide mirrors ===
* Be willing to update on an almost daily basis. Rawhide gets hundreds of updates a day, and applying those updates on a regular basis allows you to more easily troubleshoot issues.


Rawhide is under "development/rawhide" on the mirrors. You can find a local "development" mirror [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ here]. Continue reading for specific instructions on how to install mirrored content.
* Be willing and able to troubleshoot problems. From time to time there are problems with Rawhide packages, and you will need strong troubleshooting skills and the ability to gather information for bug reports. You need a good understanding of dnf and how to downgrade packages, as well as boot time troubleshooting.


=== How to avoid disturbing an existing system ===
* Have time and desire to always be able to learn new interfaces and changes. Rawhide packages stick closely to upstream projects, so interfaces and command-line options are subject to frequent changes.


There are a few methods to test Rawhide on a machine without disturbing an existing installation:
* Frequent reboots to test new kernel versions and confirm functionality of the boot process. If you can't reboot often, consider using a stable release instead.
# Test a Live version from CD, DVD, or USB drive.
#* To burn to CD or DVD, see [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/readme-burning-isos/ burning ISOs].
#* To write to USB, see [[How to create and use Live USB]].
#* If you use a LiveUSB with data persistence, you can use the "yum update" method described below to get the latest daily Rawhide RPMs ([https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=446935 except for the kernel]). Note that you may also need to install the 'fedora-release-rawhide' package and enable the rawhide repository. However, downloading daily ISOs is recommended instead of this method.
# Use a virtual machine.  See [[Testing/qemu]].
# Install to a separate partition.


=== Direct Rawhide install via standalone Anaconda ===
* Be willing and able to report bugs as you find them and help maintainers gather information to fix them.


Anaconda is the Fedora installer.  It can be booted directly, rather than run from a Live desktop.
If the above doesn't match you, you may wish to instead follow the [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] release (depending on the point in the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}/Schedule|release cycle]]) or use regular stable Fedora releases.  


==== Using a general release Anaconda ISO ====
== Using Rawhide ==


You can use the version of Anaconda distributed with a final public release (the latest being Fedora {{FedoraVersion}}).  Using this method, you will be using an older but known-to-be-working installer to install the latest content in the Rawhide repository.
This section discusses how to use Rawhide, as a live system or permanently installed.


;Option 1 - Use a copy you've already downloaded
=== Not recommended for production systems ===
If you already have a bootable CD, DVD, USB stick, or hard drive partition containing the *-DVD.iso or *-disc1.iso, you can use that to install Rawhide.  However, if you need to download new boot media, these files are not recommended because they contain general release versions of Fedora RPMs, and you wish to install Rawhide RPMs.  See [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f12/en-US/html/ch-new-users.html#sn-howto-download installation guide download page] for instructions if you want to download these files anyway.  A general release ''Live'' image cannot be used to install Rawhide, only the general release version of Fedora which it contains can be used. 


;Option 2 - Download the minimal installer
We do not recommend that you run Rawhide as your primary production operating system. Instead, we suggest you could install and run Rawhide:
If you need to make a bootable CD, DVD, USB stick, or hard drive partition, the best way to do this is to download the minimal boot.iso installer and load RPMs over the network.  This is the same as the *-netinst.iso (e.g. Fedora-12-i386-netinst.iso) which you may find elsewhere.  These files are not available by BitTorrent.


To obtain and use a boot.iso file:
* As a live environment only
* Go to http://download.fedoraproject.org/ - you will be redirected to a nearby mirror.
* In a virtual machine (VM) instance
* Go to releases/{{FedoraVersion}}/Fedora.
* On a secondary system
* Choose the directory for your architecture (i386, x86_64, or ppc - [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f{{FedoraVersion}}/en-US/html/ help available]), then find os/images/boot.iso and download it.
* On a multiboot system, alongside a stable release of Fedora or another operating system
* Create a bootable CD, DVD, USB media, or hard drive partition following the instructions [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f12/en-US/html/ch-new-users.html#sn-making-media here] using your newly downloaded boot.iso file.  You can use the livecd-iso-to-disk method described there even though boot.iso is not a Live image, and it should also work on hard drive partitions, not just USB media.


;Option 3 - Pure network install with no boot media
This allows you to test Rawhide without any impact to your day-to-day workflow.


The Installation Guide documents how to [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f{{FedoraVersion}}/en-US/html/ap-medialess-install.html boot the installer directly from the network], in case you cannot or choose not to create local boot media.
=== Nightly images ===


;What to do after booting Option 1, 2 or 3
All nightly images are automatically generated, are not tested by QA, and even when compose succeeds, may be broken or buggy.


Follow the on-screen instructions from Anaconda, the graphical installer. The installation is very straightforward. You should do a HTTP/FTP install.  To get Rawhide instead of a supported release, for the URL of your 'install tree', use "<mirrorroot>/development/rawhide/<arch>/os/" where <mirrorroot> is the mirror site URL you obtained from [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ the mirror list] and <arch> is your architecture (i386, x86_64, or ppc).
Rawhide live images are automatically composed each night (U.S. time) by [[Koji]]. You can find these live images via the [https://apps.fedoraproject.org/releng-dash/ Release Engineering dashboard], under ''LiveCD Builds''. Clicking on the name of an image will download the most recent successful nightly compose.


2010-04-09 Note: Anaconda 13.37.2 does not work here because the os/install.img cannot be found at any mirror including the [http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/x86_64/os/ master].
A network install image named {{filename|boot.iso}} is also generated for Rawhide each night, and can be found in the {{filename|pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/(arch)/os/images/}} directory on mirrors:


;Option 4 - Without network access at install time
* [http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/x86_64/os/images/boot.iso x86_64]
* [http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/i386/os/images/boot.iso i386]


If you have no network access during the install process, you will need to download the Rawhide (development) repository from a [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ Rawhide mirror] and use the hard drive installation method described in the [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/ Installation Guide], or it might be easier to choose a different method to install Rawhide from another section of this page.
Note that if generation of the {{filename|boot.iso}} images fails for a given day, the file will not be present on the mirrors (the last successful compose is not retained). In this case, you just have to wait for a successful compose, or use one of the other images/methods described on this page.


==== Using the daily Rawhide Anaconda build ====
You can attempt to install Rawhide from these images; you are considerably more likely to encounter problems than you would with a stable release, however, as the installer itself and all its dependencies are of course in an unstable state. Follow the [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/{{FedoraVersion}}/html/Installation_Guide/index.html normal installation procedure] to install Rawhide.


Daily Anaconda builds are no longer automatically available in Rawhide, only in [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] code.  Pre-Alpha Anaconda code is generally not testable, and it is important to test the installer that will appear in the next release (since it cannot easily be fixed after distribution media has been created) rather than the release after the next release.
For PXE installations, the relevant files can be found in the {{filename|pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/(arch)/os/images/pxeboot}} directory.


Installer images ''can'' be provided on demand for test days if they are needed but not automatically available; please contact James Laska.
Nightly [[Architectures/ARM|ARM]] and Cloud disk images can be found on the [https://apps.fedoraproject.org/releng-dash/ Release Engineering dashboard], similar to the nightly live images.


=== Direct Rawhide install via Live installer ===
=== Point installer to Rawhide repositories ===


{{admon/note|Timing is everything|This method only works after {{FedoraVersion|long}} is released, and before {{FedoraVersion|long|next}} has branched.  See the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}|release schedule]] for appropriate timing.  Once branched, follow the instructions at [[Releases/Branched|Branched]].}}
You can sometimes install Rawhide by using a stable install medium and pointing it to the Rawhide repository for packages to install.  


# Download a daily Live image (.iso) from http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/nightly-composes/
# Boot the most recent stable Fedora installer following the [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/{{FedoraVersion}}/html/Installation_Guide/index.html normal procedure]
# Follow the steps at [[How to create and use Live USB]] or [[How to create and use a Live CD]] to prepare and boot from the image you select.
# Go to the ''Installation Source'' screen, click the ''On the network:'' button, set the dropdown box to ''https://'', and manually enter: ''download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/(arch)/os/'' (where (arch) is x86_64 or i386 as appropriate) as the address
# Log in and double click the ''Install to Hard Drive'' icon on the desktop.
# Finish the install as normal.  
# Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.


=== Yum update from a test release ===
For this method to work, there should be no major changes in Rawhide that the installer is not ready for, such as packages it depends on being retired or other similar situations.


If a test release or "pre-release" (Alpha or Beta) is currently available, you can download it [http://fedoraproject.org/get-prerelease here].
=== Upgrade from an existing installation ===


Test releases are not configured to update via Rawhide by default (they follow the [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] version for their release), so you need to first install the "fedora-release-rawhide" package and enable the rawhide repo. You can then run "yum update" or wait for desktop notification of updates.
You may also try to install a non-Rawhide release of Fedora, and then upgrade to Rawhide. It is usually best to use the newest release available, and install all updates for the release itself before attempting to upgrade to Rawhide.


If you later want to switch from Rawhide to the final general release, see: [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Upgrading_from_pre-release_to_final Upgrading from pre-release to final].
You can attempt the upgrade [[Upgrading_Fedora_using_yum#To_rawhide|with yum]] or with [[FedUp]]. To use fedup, run {{command|fedup --network rawhide --nogpgcheck --instrepo <nowiki>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/$(uname -i)/os/</nowiki>}}.


=== Yum update from previous release ===
See the full procedure at [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Testcase_upgrade_fedup_cli_previous_desktop QA:Testcase_upgrade_fedup_cli_previous_desktop].
This method may fail if there are upgrade path issues (newer packages in Stable or Branched than Rawhide), or broken dependencies. You may be able to work around the problem by removing the packages that have issues (and reinstalling them at a later date once the issues are fixed).


This method is available but not recommended for anyone except the bravest testers.  Anaconda can make changes that are outside of the ability for the packaging system to handle.  You may also run into dependency problems which could take time to resolve.  You may also need to upgrade from the immediately previous release (e.g. install Fedora 10, 11, then Fedora 12 Rawhide and not jump directly from Fedora 10 to Fedora 12 Rawhide).  Remember that Rawhide installations in general may need to be wiped and re-installed from scratch at any time.
== Discussing Rawhide ==


You can upgrade to the rawhide repository one of two ways.  Using graphical applications:
There are a number of ways to communicate with other Rawhide users:  


# First, install the [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/acls/name/fedora-release fedora-release-rawhide] package:
=== IRC ===
#* Click on the [http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/packageinfo?packageID=9 build status link]
#* Check the latest build on Koji (for instance, [http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/buildinfo?buildID=186175 fedora-release-14-0.6]).
#* Download the corresponding RPM files (e.g. with <code>wget</code>).
#* Install the RPM release files: <code>rpm -Uvh fedora-release-*.noarch.rpm</code>.
# Next, modify your software sources using: <code>gpk-repo</code>
#* Leave '''only''' the ''Fedora - Rawhide'' software source enabled
# Next, update your system using: <code>gpk-update-viewer</code>


Alternatively, you may upgrade using the command-line:
Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the {{fpchat|#fedora-devel}} and {{fpchat|#fedora-qa}} IRC channels.


# Type: <code>yum install fedora-release-rawhide</code>
=== Mailing Lists ===
# Then type: <code>yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=rawhide update</code>


You may want to enable/disable repositories in /etc/yum.repos.d/ so that only the "Fedora Development" repository is enabled.  This will allow daily Rawhide updates to appear by default in desktop notifications and "yum update".
Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the {{fplist|test}} and {{fplist|devel}} lists.


If you cannot install fedora-release-rawhide from within the package system, you can download the RPM directly from a Rawhide mirror, under: <code>development/rawhide/<arch>/os/Packages/</code> (for instance:
=== Bugzilla ===
<code>wget http://fedora.univ-nantes.fr/fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/i386/os/Packages/fedora-release-*.noarch.rpm</code>)


== Testing Rawhide ==
Rawhide bugs should be reported against the ''Fedora'' product, ''rawhide'' version and the affected component.  Please do follow [[BugsAndFeatureRequests|best practices]] when filing. Remember that IRC and mailing lists are useful to help narrow down if some behavior is a bug or where to report it, but are themselves not bug reporting channels. Always file bugs in [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla].


There are two important things all Rawhide testers should do. First, read the [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/test test] mailing list, where Rawhide users discuss the latest changes. You'll find discussion of significant changes and warnings of severe breakage here. Reading test-list daily is key to staying on top of Rawhide. Secondly, report all the bugs you find in Rawhide to [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla]. Remember to file bugs according to these [[BugsAndFeatureRequests|best practices]]. Please remember that bugs should always be filed in Bugzilla. Reporting bugs on the mailing list or IRC is not sufficient, as these reports rapidly become lost in history. Only on Bugzilla will they always be accessible to other testers and to the developers.
Note that broken dependencies are mailed to maintainers for each daily Rawhide compose where a package has such broken dependencies. Therefore, it's usually not worth filing a bug for broken dependencies unless they don't appear in the daily report, or you have a fix or improvement to suggest.


Beyond that, here is some general advice which may be of use in using Rawhide:
=== Blogs ===


* Approach the test release as a valuable chance to learn more about your system. There is a good chance you will run into some bugs in subsystems or components that you are unfamiliar with as part of the testing process. Use this an opportunity to learn more about that particular subsystem and become familiar with its documentation. Even documentation has bugs, by following up and trying to learn from the documentation you might be able to help clean up badly worded or out of date documentation as well. The more you learn, the more effective you will be in the future if you participate in the development process again. Be as proactive as you can about reading about how things work and you will have a much more valuable experience overall.
The following blogs are not official communication, but are useful to follow if you are running Rawhide.
* When using yum, take the time to review the list of package actions before you proceed. Don't disable the review step.
* Become familiar with the ''/var/log/rpmpkgs'' and ''/var/log/yum.log'' log files.
* Get a notebook and make notes about system configuration changes you make. Many problems can be traced to simple configuration errors, but can appear as package update bugs. When working with other testers to confirm the problem, make notes as to the other changes you have made since the last update/reboot can be invaluable in tracing the problem down accurately.
* Keep at least one older kernel that you are confident works as expected.
* Reboot daily, to test to see if any of your updates have affected startup. Its much more difficult to track down a boot up problem that was caused by an old update if you are updating daily but have not rebooted.
* Become familiar with useful grub features for troubleshooting boot up failures.
* Don't force or ''nodeps'' any package to work around dependency problems. Instead, report them as bugs or to test-list. If no-one reports these problems, they will never get fixed, and will persist into stable releases.
* Because the development tree is not guaranteed to be internally consistent every day, you will frequently see ''yum update'' fail with errors. Don't Panic, most dependency problems will be fixed by the developers in one or two days - sometimes simply by requesting more package rebuilds. If you see a dependency problem with ''yum update'' on your system for several days in a row, and see no discussion of it on test-list, see below to decide how you should report it or if a report is necessary.
* If there is one error (such as a package depending on an old library) holding you back from a full Rawhide update, you can use ''yum update --skip-broken'' to update all other packages. However, make sure the error has been reported to the maintainer of the offending package.
* You might need to disable GPG checking in /etc/yum.conf or the fedora-devel repository in /etc/yum.repos.d if packages are incorrectly signed.


=== When to Report Update Problems ===
* [http://rawhidewatch.wordpress.com/ Rawhide Watch]
* [http://www.scrye.com/wordpress/nirik/category/rawhide/ Kevin's musings / Rawhide]


A daily build report of the development tree sent to the fedora-test-list every morning as part of the automated push of packages out to the publicly accessible trees. The daily report contains information about new, removed and updated packages. It also contains a summary of known dependency problems for each arch for which the development tree is built. If you experience any problems updating against the development tree the first thing you should review is the last two or three build reports. If you are seeing a dependency problem summarized in the latest build report, you can be sure the developers are aware of the problem.  Package maintainers receive daily emails when their packages are on this list.
== Producing Rawhide ==


Note that the broken dependency list, which is part of the daily rawhide reports, only provides the first layer of dependencies and not the entire list, this saves build time.  Unlisted packages might also be affected, but fixed when one or more of the listed packages are rebuilt.
Package owners must build for rawhide using koji just like you would any other build; you do not go through the bodhi process and the build becomes available almost immediately.


If, however, the problem lingers longer than a few days on your system, and the problem package is not listed in the daily report, that could be an indication that you have run into a situational bug that not everyone is seeing. This is when you can spring into action as a tester and make a difference. But, before you file a new bug report there is a short recipe you can follow to avoid filing unnecessarily. Please remember that test releases exist primarily to help the developers identify problems so they can be fixed in time for release. Unfortunately, reactionary bug filing of duplicate or well known issues can take developer time away from actually fixing issues.
The Rawhide repository is composed every day starting at 05:15UTC. All rawhide builds in the buildsystem at that time are composed and pushed out to mirrors. Rawhide is under "development/rawhide" on the mirrors. You can find a local "development" mirror [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ on the public mirror list]. Compose time varies depending on number of changes but is typically between 5 and 8 hours.  


# Read fedora-test-list: Go back into your archives or the web archives for fedora-test-list and read over the threads for the last 48 hours and see if there has been any discussion about the specific update errors you have been seeing. Generally, these sorts of errors are seen by most everyone with similar hardware, so there's a very good chance that other testers are already discussing it. Please don't post a new post to fedora-test-list until after you have reviewed the last 48 hours worth of posts. Having multiple discussions about the same issue is a drain on other testers and developers.
Composes are done in a rawhide chroot using the 'mash' tool called from a script maintained by Fedora Release engineering: http://git.fedorahosted.org/cgit/releng/tree/scripts/buildrawhide If the base set of packages in rawhide needed to compose rawhide are broken, the daily compose may fail.  
# Search [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla]: Search to see if there are any reports about the update issue you have seen.
# Drop a note into fedora-test-list: Please start a new thread only after you have attempted to find a previous discussion of this problem in the test-list or in bugzilla. Other testers can help you confirm the problem. If they can't confirm it they can help you determine if its a configuration problem or user error on your part. The test-list is a great way to obtain assistance from other more experienced testers, but please do what you can to use the archives responsibly to avoid duplication of information and discussion.
# File a new bug report: If the exact nature of the dependency problem during updating is lingering for several days, or if the problem seems specialized to your situation and it doesn't appear that the developer is aware of this problem, file a new bug. If you are unsure how to file, experienced testers in fedora-test-list can make suggestions. Please don't assume its a yum bug. Most dependency issues are packaging bugs in one of the packages detailed in the error messages.


=== What does it mean when something "hits Rawhide"? ===
A report for each Rawhide compose is sent to to the {{fplist|test}} and the {{fplist|devel}} lists. This report contains output from the 'repodiff' tool from the previous compose as well as a broken dependency report for packages with broken dependencies. Additionally, private email is sent to maintainers with packages containing broken dependencies.


Rawhide is automatically generated once daily from the latest packages that are built. Packages that are built one day are generally in rawhide the next day. For the curious, the build is done at Midnight US Eastern, 0400/0500 UTC.
Package maintainers should read and follow the [[Updates_Policy#Rawhide_.2F_devel_.2F_master|Rawhide updates policy]] for building any packages in Rawhide.


=== What is a rawhide "push"? ===
If needed and approved by [[Fedora_Engineering_Steering_Committee|FESCo]], Mass Rebuilds are done by release-engineering in Rawhide a month or so before the next release branches from it. Typically these are done for a global change over all packages such as a new gcc release, or rpm package format.


A rawhide push is simply the rawhide spin for that day. Occasionally, if the push is extremely broken, it may be regenerated more than once.
Rawhide packages are currently not signed. Work is ongoing to sign at least the majority of them.


=== Where do I communicate issues in Rawhide ? ===
== Questions and Answers ==


Use the fedora-test list or #fedora-qa IRC channel in Freenode. For bugs, report them to [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla]
'''Q:''' Doesn't rawhide eat babies / kill pets / burn down houses / break constantly?


=== How can I know what is changing in Rawhide? ===
A: No. Please stop telling everyone that.


Nightly reports are sent to fedora-test-list and fedora-devel-list, with the subject 'rawhide report: <date> changes'.
'''Q:''' So Rawhide is very stable and we can all use it?
Included in these reports are lists of packages that have been added, removed, or updated (with short changelog snippets), along with a list of any broken dependencies.


Good resources for the state of many Fedora projects:
A: No. See audience above. There are things that break from time to time, but if you are able to downgrade or troubleshoot such issues aren't too severe. Most users should still stick to stable Fedora releases, but Rawhide is a viable option for enthusiasts to experiment with.
* http://git.fedoraproject.org/
* http://hg.fedoraproject.org/
* https://fedorahosted.org/


== Reference ==
'''Q:''' I'm using a Stable Fedora release, but I want a newer package version that's only available in Rawhide. Can I just yum install it?


Original press release at http://www.redhat.com/about/presscenter/1998/press_aug1498.html
A: No. Mixing releases like this is a very bad idea. Better options are:
 
* Ask the Fedora maintainer in a bug report to update the stable version if permitted by policy.
* If not, there may be a [http://copr.fedoraproject.org/ COPR] that provides the updated version. See the COPR page for more details.
* Obtain the src.rpm for the package you wish and try and rpmbuild --rebuild it (which may or may not work depending on dependencies).
 
'''Q:''' I want to run the rawhide kernel on my stable Fedora machine. Can I do that?
 
A: Sometimes yes. The kernel is more self contained than other rawhide packages and you also can easily boot your older kernel if the Rawhide kernel goes wrong. Simply download and yum install the package. However, note that Rawhide kernels often have debugging code enabled, which results in them performing noticeably worse than 'release' kernels (they will be slower and consume more memory).
 
'''Q:''' Is Rawhide a "rolling release" ?
 
A: It depends on how you define that, but yes.
 
'''Q:''' How can I tell when the Rawhide compose for the day has finished?
 
A: Check the [https://apps.fedoraproject.org/releng-dash/ dashboard!] You can also see the reports it sends to the {{fplist|test}} and the {{fplist|devel}} lists, or watch fedmsg for the messages that rawhide compose has finished.
 
'''Q:''' How do I get out of Rawhide again? I want to switch to the [[Branched]] release or a stable release.
 
A: Remove the {{package|fedora-repos-rawhide}} package and/or disable the 'rawhide' repository ({{command|su -c 'yum-config-manager --disable rawhide'}}), enable the 'fedora' and optionally 'updates' and 'updates-testing' repositories ({{command|su -c 'yum-config-manager --enable fedora(,updates,updates-testing)'}}) and perhaps run {{command|su -c 'yum --releasever<nowiki>=</nowiki>(version) distro-sync'}}. The farther the branch to which you want to switch is behind Rawhide, the more trouble you might have with this.
 
A possible problem is that you might miss the branching point, and your system has already a bunch of post-branch Rawhide packages installed. In that case, the yum distro-sync will help you to get everything back on the right track.
 
'''Q:''' As a package maintainer do I have to build rawhide packages or does the nightly compose take care of that?
 
A: No. You must build for Rawhide using koji. The nightly compose only collects packages already built and marked with the appropriate target (rawhide) in koji.
 
'''Q:''' Why aren't Rawhide packages signed?
 
A: Rawhide signing is currently on development. Check [https://fedorahosted.org/rel-eng/ticket/5870 Release Engineering ticket 5870] for status updates.
 
== Hints and Tips ==
 
* Your package management system can be of great help in diagnosing and working around issues you find. Do read up and understand:
** {{command|yum downgrade}}
** {{command|yum history}}
** {{command|yum update --skip-broken}}
** {{command|koji download-build}}
 
* You should update frequently (preferably every day). This allows you to more easily narrow down when a problem or issue appeared. If you apply a week of Rawhide updates at once you have many more packages to examine to narrow down issues.
 
* Reboot often (preferably whenever new kernels arrive). This allows you to test the boot up process and packages related to it, as well as newer kernels. Read and understand the Dracut troubleshooting steps.
 
* Follow the {{fplist|test}} and the {{fplist|devel}} lists for rawhide issues, try and at least skim them before doing your daily Rawhide updates. Look for '[rawhide]' subjects or reports of issues. Additionally if you find a problem and are not sure what to file bugs against you can open a discussion there.
 
* Rawhide kernels are often built with varying degrees of debugging code enabled, which will result in worse performance and increased resource usage. See [[KernelDebugStrategy]] for details on exactly what debugging code is enabled for which kernel builds. You can disable SLUB debugging for those builds for which it is enabled by passing "slub_debug=-" to your kernel command line in {{filename|/etc/default/grub}} (and re-generating your grub config, or just adding it directly). Additionally, you can run kernels in the [[RawhideKernelNodebug|Rawhide Kernel Nodebug]] repo that have all debugging disabled.
 
* If you are using a graphical desktop environment in your Rawhide install, you may wish to install several of them. This allows you to still login and troubleshoot when your primary desktop environment is not working for some reason.
 
* Have a rescue media handy of the current stable Fedora release for emergencies.
 
== History ==
 
Red Hat Linux "Raw Hide" announcement: [http://lwn.net/1998/0820/rawhide.html on lwn]
 
The name might come from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawhide_%28song%29 the song with the same name] that starts with "Rolling, rolling, rolling, ..."
 
At one time, Rawhide would freeze before release milestones. This was changed with the [[No_Frozen_Rawhide_Proposal]] and Branched process which we now follow.

Revision as of 18:55, 2 March 2015

Rawhide is the name given to the current development version of Fedora. It consists of a package repository called "rawhide" and contains the latest build of all Fedora packages updated on a daily basis. Nightly live, network install, ARM and Cloud image builds are also available.

Rawhide is sometimes called "development" or "master" (as it's the "master" branch in Package git repositories).

Goals

Rawhide has the following Goals:

  • To allow package maintainers to integrate the newest usable versions of their packages into Fedora.
  • To allow advanced users access to the newest usable packages in a rolling manner.
  • To allow incremental changes to packages that are either too minor or major to go to stable Fedora releases.
  • To identify and fix issues with packages before they reach a stable release of Fedora.

Audience

Rawhide is targeted at advanced users, testers and package maintainers.

As a Rawhide consumer, you should:

  • Be willing to update on an almost daily basis. Rawhide gets hundreds of updates a day, and applying those updates on a regular basis allows you to more easily troubleshoot issues.
  • Be willing and able to troubleshoot problems. From time to time there are problems with Rawhide packages, and you will need strong troubleshooting skills and the ability to gather information for bug reports. You need a good understanding of dnf and how to downgrade packages, as well as boot time troubleshooting.
  • Have time and desire to always be able to learn new interfaces and changes. Rawhide packages stick closely to upstream projects, so interfaces and command-line options are subject to frequent changes.
  • Frequent reboots to test new kernel versions and confirm functionality of the boot process. If you can't reboot often, consider using a stable release instead.
  • Be willing and able to report bugs as you find them and help maintainers gather information to fix them.

If the above doesn't match you, you may wish to instead follow the Branched release (depending on the point in the release cycle) or use regular stable Fedora releases.

Using Rawhide

This section discusses how to use Rawhide, as a live system or permanently installed.

Not recommended for production systems

We do not recommend that you run Rawhide as your primary production operating system. Instead, we suggest you could install and run Rawhide:

  • As a live environment only
  • In a virtual machine (VM) instance
  • On a secondary system
  • On a multiboot system, alongside a stable release of Fedora or another operating system

This allows you to test Rawhide without any impact to your day-to-day workflow.

Nightly images

All nightly images are automatically generated, are not tested by QA, and even when compose succeeds, may be broken or buggy.

Rawhide live images are automatically composed each night (U.S. time) by Koji. You can find these live images via the Release Engineering dashboard, under LiveCD Builds. Clicking on the name of an image will download the most recent successful nightly compose.

A network install image named boot.iso is also generated for Rawhide each night, and can be found in the pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/(arch)/os/images/ directory on mirrors:

Note that if generation of the boot.iso images fails for a given day, the file will not be present on the mirrors (the last successful compose is not retained). In this case, you just have to wait for a successful compose, or use one of the other images/methods described on this page.

You can attempt to install Rawhide from these images; you are considerably more likely to encounter problems than you would with a stable release, however, as the installer itself and all its dependencies are of course in an unstable state. Follow the normal installation procedure to install Rawhide.

For PXE installations, the relevant files can be found in the pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/(arch)/os/images/pxeboot directory.

Nightly ARM and Cloud disk images can be found on the Release Engineering dashboard, similar to the nightly live images.

Point installer to Rawhide repositories

You can sometimes install Rawhide by using a stable install medium and pointing it to the Rawhide repository for packages to install.

  1. Boot the most recent stable Fedora installer following the normal procedure
  2. Go to the Installation Source screen, click the On the network: button, set the dropdown box to https://, and manually enter: download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/(arch)/os/ (where (arch) is x86_64 or i386 as appropriate) as the address
  3. Finish the install as normal.

For this method to work, there should be no major changes in Rawhide that the installer is not ready for, such as packages it depends on being retired or other similar situations.

Upgrade from an existing installation

You may also try to install a non-Rawhide release of Fedora, and then upgrade to Rawhide. It is usually best to use the newest release available, and install all updates for the release itself before attempting to upgrade to Rawhide.

You can attempt the upgrade with yum or with FedUp. To use fedup, run fedup --network rawhide --nogpgcheck --instrepo http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/$(uname -i)/os/.

See the full procedure at QA:Testcase_upgrade_fedup_cli_previous_desktop. This method may fail if there are upgrade path issues (newer packages in Stable or Branched than Rawhide), or broken dependencies. You may be able to work around the problem by removing the packages that have issues (and reinstalling them at a later date once the issues are fixed).

Discussing Rawhide

There are a number of ways to communicate with other Rawhide users:

IRC

Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the #fedora-devel[?] and #fedora-qa[?] IRC channels.

Mailing Lists

Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the test and devel lists.

Bugzilla

Rawhide bugs should be reported against the Fedora product, rawhide version and the affected component. Please do follow best practices when filing. Remember that IRC and mailing lists are useful to help narrow down if some behavior is a bug or where to report it, but are themselves not bug reporting channels. Always file bugs in Bugzilla.

Note that broken dependencies are mailed to maintainers for each daily Rawhide compose where a package has such broken dependencies. Therefore, it's usually not worth filing a bug for broken dependencies unless they don't appear in the daily report, or you have a fix or improvement to suggest.

Blogs

The following blogs are not official communication, but are useful to follow if you are running Rawhide.

Producing Rawhide

Package owners must build for rawhide using koji just like you would any other build; you do not go through the bodhi process and the build becomes available almost immediately.

The Rawhide repository is composed every day starting at 05:15UTC. All rawhide builds in the buildsystem at that time are composed and pushed out to mirrors. Rawhide is under "development/rawhide" on the mirrors. You can find a local "development" mirror on the public mirror list. Compose time varies depending on number of changes but is typically between 5 and 8 hours.

Composes are done in a rawhide chroot using the 'mash' tool called from a script maintained by Fedora Release engineering: http://git.fedorahosted.org/cgit/releng/tree/scripts/buildrawhide If the base set of packages in rawhide needed to compose rawhide are broken, the daily compose may fail.

A report for each Rawhide compose is sent to to the test and the devel lists. This report contains output from the 'repodiff' tool from the previous compose as well as a broken dependency report for packages with broken dependencies. Additionally, private email is sent to maintainers with packages containing broken dependencies.

Package maintainers should read and follow the Rawhide updates policy for building any packages in Rawhide.

If needed and approved by FESCo, Mass Rebuilds are done by release-engineering in Rawhide a month or so before the next release branches from it. Typically these are done for a global change over all packages such as a new gcc release, or rpm package format.

Rawhide packages are currently not signed. Work is ongoing to sign at least the majority of them.

Questions and Answers

Q: Doesn't rawhide eat babies / kill pets / burn down houses / break constantly?

A: No. Please stop telling everyone that.

Q: So Rawhide is very stable and we can all use it?

A: No. See audience above. There are things that break from time to time, but if you are able to downgrade or troubleshoot such issues aren't too severe. Most users should still stick to stable Fedora releases, but Rawhide is a viable option for enthusiasts to experiment with.

Q: I'm using a Stable Fedora release, but I want a newer package version that's only available in Rawhide. Can I just yum install it?

A: No. Mixing releases like this is a very bad idea. Better options are:

  • Ask the Fedora maintainer in a bug report to update the stable version if permitted by policy.
  • If not, there may be a COPR that provides the updated version. See the COPR page for more details.
  • Obtain the src.rpm for the package you wish and try and rpmbuild --rebuild it (which may or may not work depending on dependencies).

Q: I want to run the rawhide kernel on my stable Fedora machine. Can I do that?

A: Sometimes yes. The kernel is more self contained than other rawhide packages and you also can easily boot your older kernel if the Rawhide kernel goes wrong. Simply download and yum install the package. However, note that Rawhide kernels often have debugging code enabled, which results in them performing noticeably worse than 'release' kernels (they will be slower and consume more memory).

Q: Is Rawhide a "rolling release" ?

A: It depends on how you define that, but yes.

Q: How can I tell when the Rawhide compose for the day has finished?

A: Check the dashboard! You can also see the reports it sends to the test and the devel lists, or watch fedmsg for the messages that rawhide compose has finished.

Q: How do I get out of Rawhide again? I want to switch to the Branched release or a stable release.

A: Remove the Package-x-generic-16.pngfedora-repos-rawhide package and/or disable the 'rawhide' repository (su -c 'yum-config-manager --disable rawhide'), enable the 'fedora' and optionally 'updates' and 'updates-testing' repositories (su -c 'yum-config-manager --enable fedora(,updates,updates-testing)') and perhaps run su -c 'yum --releasever=(version) distro-sync'. The farther the branch to which you want to switch is behind Rawhide, the more trouble you might have with this.

A possible problem is that you might miss the branching point, and your system has already a bunch of post-branch Rawhide packages installed. In that case, the yum distro-sync will help you to get everything back on the right track.

Q: As a package maintainer do I have to build rawhide packages or does the nightly compose take care of that?

A: No. You must build for Rawhide using koji. The nightly compose only collects packages already built and marked with the appropriate target (rawhide) in koji.

Q: Why aren't Rawhide packages signed?

A: Rawhide signing is currently on development. Check Release Engineering ticket 5870 for status updates.

Hints and Tips

  • Your package management system can be of great help in diagnosing and working around issues you find. Do read up and understand:
    • yum downgrade
    • yum history
    • yum update --skip-broken
    • koji download-build
  • You should update frequently (preferably every day). This allows you to more easily narrow down when a problem or issue appeared. If you apply a week of Rawhide updates at once you have many more packages to examine to narrow down issues.
  • Reboot often (preferably whenever new kernels arrive). This allows you to test the boot up process and packages related to it, as well as newer kernels. Read and understand the Dracut troubleshooting steps.
  • Follow the test and the devel lists for rawhide issues, try and at least skim them before doing your daily Rawhide updates. Look for '[rawhide]' subjects or reports of issues. Additionally if you find a problem and are not sure what to file bugs against you can open a discussion there.
  • Rawhide kernels are often built with varying degrees of debugging code enabled, which will result in worse performance and increased resource usage. See KernelDebugStrategy for details on exactly what debugging code is enabled for which kernel builds. You can disable SLUB debugging for those builds for which it is enabled by passing "slub_debug=-" to your kernel command line in /etc/default/grub (and re-generating your grub config, or just adding it directly). Additionally, you can run kernels in the Rawhide Kernel Nodebug repo that have all debugging disabled.
  • If you are using a graphical desktop environment in your Rawhide install, you may wish to install several of them. This allows you to still login and troubleshoot when your primary desktop environment is not working for some reason.
  • Have a rescue media handy of the current stable Fedora release for emergencies.

History

Red Hat Linux "Raw Hide" announcement: on lwn

The name might come from the song with the same name that starts with "Rolling, rolling, rolling, ..."

At one time, Rawhide would freeze before release milestones. This was changed with the No_Frozen_Rawhide_Proposal and Branched process which we now follow.