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Rawhide is the name given to the current development head of Fedora. It consists of a package repository called "rawhide" and contains the latest build of all Fedora packages updated on a daily basis. Nightly builds are also available during the early portion of the [[Fedora Release Life Cycle]].
Rawhide is the name given to the current development version of Fedora. It consists of a [[Repositories|package repository]] called "rawhide" and contains the latest build of all Fedora packages updated on a daily basis. Each day, an attempt is made to create a full set of 'deliverables' (installation images and so on), and all that compose successfully are included in the Rawhide tree for that day.


== Who should use Rawhide? ==
Rawhide is sometimes called "development" or "master" (as it's the "master" branch in package git repositories).


End users should not use Rawhide as their main day-to-day workstation. Because Rawhide is a development branch, many changes are not heavily tested (or tested at all) before being released to Rawhide, and packages in Rawhide can and do break without warning. It is even possible that bugs in Rawhide could cause data loss. However, testing Rawhide is a very valuable activity which helps direct Fedora development and ensure that the quality of the stable releases is high. It's also a fun way to try out the latest software almost as soon as it's released. Testing Rawhide is a great way to contribute to Fedora development. You can try Rawhide or [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] (depending on the point in the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}/Schedule|release cycle]]) from the [http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/nightly-composes/ nightly live builds] without needing to install it at all. Otherwise, you can install it if you have a spare system, or are willing to install Rawhide on an existing system and dual boot, or use a virtual machine.
== Goals ==


== Nightly live builds ==
Rawhide has the following Goals:


After the release of the previous final release, but before the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}|Branch event]], [http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/nightly-composes/ nightly builds] will be composed of Rawhide packages. These are built automatically without manual tweaking or testing, so they will sometimes be beyond the size of a single CD, and sometimes may not work at all. If there is a bug in the generation toolchain, the images may not be built on a given night; in this case, the most recent image will remain available. Using these nightly builds is an ideal way to test Rawhide if you have no spare machine or partition available, or simply do not have the time to maintain a Rawhide installation. It's a very safe way to test, since it will make no changes to your installed system.  You can also install Rawhide to your hard drive from the Live desktop if the Live image is working well for you.  During the rest of the release cycle, daily builds will contain [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] content, and you must use a repository to install Rawhide - though you can build a custom spin using Revisor if you need to test a Live distribution.
* To allow package maintainers to integrate the newest '''usable''' versions of their packages into Fedora.  
* To allow advanced users access to the newest '''usable''' packages in a rolling manner.
* To allow incremental changes to packages that are either too minor or major to go to stable Fedora releases.
* To identify and fix issues with packages before they reach a stable release of Fedora.
* To allow a place where certain low-level packages (approved by FESCo), including (but not limited to) glibc and gcc, can gain real-world testing of pre-release versions.


See [[FedoraLiveCD]] for more information.
== Audience ==


== Installing Rawhide ==
Rawhide is targeted at advanced users, testers and package maintainers.


Rawhide is meant to be installable, however, a particular Rawhide tree may not be installable due to bugs in the installer or other packages. There are many ways to install Rawhide.
As a Rawhide consumer, you should:


=== Rawhide mirrors ===
* Be willing to update on an almost daily basis. Rawhide gets hundreds of updates a day, and applying those updates on a regular basis allows you to more easily isolate when a bug appeared and what package(s) are responsible.


Rawhide is under "development/rawhide" on the mirrors. You can find a local "development" mirror [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ here]. Continue reading for specific instructions on how to install mirrored content.
* Be willing and able to troubleshoot problems. From time to time there are problems with Rawhide packages, and you will need strong troubleshooting skills and the ability to gather information for bug reports. You need a good understanding of dnf and how to downgrade packages, as well as boot time troubleshooting.


=== How to avoid disturbing an existing system ===
* Have time and desire to always be able to learn new interfaces and changes. Rawhide packages stick closely to upstream projects, so interfaces and command-line options are subject to frequent changes.


There are a few methods to test Rawhide on a machine without disturbing an existing installation:
* Be willing to reboot frequently to test new kernel versions and confirm functionality of the boot process. If you can't reboot often, consider using a stable release instead.
# Test a Live version from CD, DVD, or USB drive.
#* To burn to CD or DVD, see [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/readme-burning-isos/ burning ISOs].
#* To write to USB, see [[How to create and use Live USB]].
#* If you use a LiveUSB with data persistence, you can use the "yum update" method described below to get the latest daily Rawhide RPMs ([https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=446935 except for the kernel]). Note that you may also need to install the 'fedora-release-rawhide' package and enable the rawhide repository. However, downloading daily ISOs is recommended instead of this method.
# Use a virtual machine.  See [[Testing/qemu]].
# Install to a separate partition.


=== Direct Rawhide install via standalone Anaconda ===
* Be willing and able to report bugs to bugzilla as you find them and help maintainers gather information to fix them.


Anaconda is the Fedora installer.  It can be booted directly, rather than run from a Live desktop.
If the above doesn't match you, you may wish to instead follow the [[Releases/Branched|Branched]] release (depending on the point in the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}/Schedule|release cycle]]) or use regular stable Fedora releases.


==== Using BFO (boot.fedoraproject.org) ====
{{Rawhide_branched_install_methods|release=Rawhide}}


You can use the latest install target from BFO to do the install and then post-install yum distro-sync. The BFO images provide for the least upfront download to get you booted into the install process.
== Discussing Rawhide ==


# Download BFO boot media: http://boot.fedoraproject.org/download
There are a number of ways to communicate with other Rawhide users:  
# Boot media and select Install or Pre-Release. Select the latest installer you want to run.
# Run a minimal install.
# Post-install yum distro-sync:
<pre>
# yum install fedora-release-rawhide
# yum --releasever=rawhide distro-sync
</pre>


==== Using a general release Fedora ISO ====
=== IRC ===


You can use the version of Anaconda distributed with a final public release (the latest being Fedora {{FedoraVersion}}).  Using this method, you will be using an older but known-to-be-working installer to install the latest content in the Rawhide repository.
Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the {{fpchat|#fedora-devel}} and {{fpchat|#fedora-qa}} IRC channels.


; Option 1 - Use a copy you've already downloaded
=== Mailing Lists ===
: If you already have a bootable CD, DVD, USB stick, or hard drive partition containing the *-DVD.iso or *-disc1.iso, you can use that to install Rawhide.  However, if you need to download new boot media, these files are not recommended because they contain general release versions of Fedora RPMs, and you wish to install Rawhide RPMs.  See [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f12/en-US/html/ch-new-users.html#sn-howto-download installation guide download page] for instructions if you want to download these files anyway.  A general release ''Live'' image cannot be used to install Rawhide, only the general release version of Fedora which it contains can be used. 


; Option 2 - Download the minimal installer
Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the {{fplist|test}} and {{fplist|devel}} lists.
: If you need to make a bootable CD, DVD, USB stick, or hard drive partition, the best way to do this is to download the minimal boot.iso installer and load RPMs over the network.  This is the same as the *-netinst.iso (e.g. Fedora-12-i386-netinst.iso) which you may find elsewhere.  These files are not available by BitTorrent.
: To obtain and use a boot.iso file:
: * Go to http://download.fedoraproject.org/ - you will be redirected to a nearby mirror.
: * Go to releases/{{FedoraVersion}}/Fedora.
: * Choose the directory for your architecture (i386, x86_64, or ppc - [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f{{FedoraVersion}}/en-US/html/ help available]), then find os/images/boot.iso and download it.
: * Create a bootable CD, DVD, USB media, or hard drive partition following the instructions [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/f12/en-US/html/ch-new-users.html#sn-making-media here] using your newly downloaded boot.iso file.  You can use the livecd-iso-to-disk method described there even though boot.iso is not a Live image, and it should also work on hard drive partitions, not just USB media.


; Option 3 - Pure network install with no boot media
=== Bugzilla ===
: The Installation Guide documents how to [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/{{FedoraVersion}}/html/Installation_Guide/ap-medialess-install.html boot the installer directly from the network], in case you cannot or choose not to create local boot media.


; What to do after booting Option 1, 2 or 3
Rawhide bugs should be reported against the ''Fedora'' product, ''rawhide'' version and the affected component.  Please do follow [[BugsAndFeatureRequests|best practices]] when filing. Remember that IRC and mailing lists are useful to help narrow down if some behavior is a bug or where to report it, but are themselves not bug reporting channels. Always file bugs in [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla].


: Start the installer and follow the on-screen instructions.  Proceed to [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/{{FedoraVersion}}/html/Installation_Guide/s1-pkgselection-x86.html Package Group Selection].  To install rawhide, deselect all {{FedoraVersion|long|current}} package repositories, and manually add rawhide using the instructions provided at [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/{{FedoraVersion}}/html/Installation_Guide/s1-pkgselection-x86.html#sn-additional-repos Installing from Additional Repositories].  Obtain a valid Rawhide mirror from [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ the mirror list].
Note that broken dependencies are mailed to maintainers for each daily Rawhide compose where a package has such broken dependencies. Therefore, it's usually not worth filing a bug for broken dependencies unless they don't appear in the daily report, or you have a fix or improvement to suggest.


; Option 4 - Without network access at install time
== Producing Rawhide ==


: If you have no network access during the install process, you will need to download the Rawhide (development) repository from a [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ Rawhide mirror] and use the hard drive installation method described in the [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/ Installation Guide], or it might be easier to choose a different method to install Rawhide from another section of this page.
Package owners must build for rawhide using koji just like you would any other build; you do not go through the bodhi process and the build becomes available almost immediately.


=== Direct Rawhide install via Live installer ===
The Rawhide repository is composed every day starting at 05:15UTC. All rawhide builds in the buildsystem at that time are included in the compose attempt. The compose process also attempts to build all the standard Fedora 'deliverables' (live and install images, ARM and Cloud disk images, Docker images and so on). If any release-blocking image fails to build as part of the compose, the compose is considered to have failed. If the compose completes successfully, the compose will be 'synced out' to the mirror system. (A system where the sync only happens if a set of automated tests run on it passes is planned, but not yet fully implemented). Rawhide is under "development/rawhide" on the mirrors. You can find a local "development" mirror [http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/development/ on the public mirror list]. Compose time varies depending on number of changes but is typically between 5 and 8 hours.


{{admon/note|Timing is everything|This method only works after {{FedoraVersion|long}} is released, and before {{FedoraVersion|long|next}} has branched.  See the [[Releases/{{FedoraVersion||next}}|release schedule]] for appropriate timing. Once branched, follow the instructions at [[Releases/Branched|Branched]]: after branching, the nightly images are of the Branched release, not of Rawhide.}}
Composes are done in a rawhide chroot using the 'pungi' tool called from [https://pagure.io/pungi-fedora/blob/master/f/nightly.sh a script maintained by Fedora Release engineering]. If the base set of packages in Rawhide needed to compose Rawhide are broken, the daily compose may fail.  


{{admon/note|Presence and viability of nightly images not guaranteed|The nightly images are built by a script with little human intervention. As generating an entire bootable and installable Fedora image is a fairly complex operation which requires a rather large subset of packages to be present, functional, and interoperable, they will quite often fail to install correctly, fail to boot, or fail to compose at all: you cannot rely on a recent image being available, or any given image actually providing a usable installation. This is quite normal.}}
A report for each Rawhide compose is sent to to the {{fplist|test}} and the {{fplist|devel}} lists. This report contains output from the 'repodiff' tool from the previous compose as well as a broken dependency report for packages with broken dependencies. Additionally, private email is sent to maintainers with packages containing broken dependencies.  


# Download a daily Live image (.iso) from http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/nightly-composes/
Package maintainers should read and follow the [[Updates_Policy#Rawhide_.2F_devel_.2F_master|Rawhide updates policy]] for building any packages in Rawhide.
# Follow the steps at [[How to create and use Live USB]] or [[How to create and use a Live CD]] to prepare and boot from the image you select.
# Log in and double click the ''Install to Hard Drive'' icon on the desktop.
# Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.


=== Yum update from a stable release or pre-release ===
If needed and approved by [[Fedora_Engineering_Steering_Committee|FESCo]], Mass Rebuilds are done by release-engineering in Rawhide a month or so before the next release branches from it. Typically these are done for a global change over all packages such as a new gcc release, or rpm package format.


As an alternative to a direct installation of Rawhide, you can install an existing stable release or pre-release and try to upgrade to Rawhide using yum. When a pre-release is available, Rawhide corresponds to the '''following''' release: when Fedora 17 Alpha is available, the Rawhide repositories contains what will become Fedora 18. As with any method of installing Rawhide, success is not guaranteed. If you cannot get a direct installation to work, the yum method may work; on the other hand, if you cannot get a yum upgrade to work, try the direct installation method (above) instead.
== Questions and Answers ==


It is generally best to start from the most recent release available, even if this is a pre-release: only use a stable release if no pre-release of the following version is yet available, or you cannot get the pre-release to install.
'''Q:''' Doesn't rawhide eat babies / kill pets / burn down houses / break constantly?


If a test release or "pre-release" (Alpha or Beta) is currently available, you can download it [http://fedoraproject.org/get-prerelease here]. Otherwise, you can download the latest stable release [http://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora here].
A: No. Please stop telling everyone that.  


You may run into dependency problems which could take time and manual effort to resolve: if the upgrade refuses to proceed, look carefully at the errors yum reports and consider appropriate action (often, you need to remove a few problematic packages to let the rest of the system update). Remember that Rawhide installations in general may need to be wiped and re-installed from scratch at any time.
'''Q:''' So Rawhide is very stable and we can all use it?


You can upgrade to the rawhide repository one of two ways. The most reliable is to use the command line method from a console; this avoids the case where an update causes the X server to crash or restart, killing the yum process in mid-upgrade as a consequence. The results of this case are usually sub-optimal.
A: No. See audience above. There are things that break from time to time, but if you are able to downgrade or troubleshoot such issues aren't too severe. Most users should still stick to stable Fedora releases, but Rawhide is a viable option for enthusiasts to experiment with.


==== Graphical ====
'''Q:''' I'm using a Stable Fedora release, but I want a newer package version that's only available in Rawhide. Can I just {{command|dnf install}} it?


All names and commands are for the GNOME desktop and gnome-packagekit - use equivalents in other desktops:
A: No. Mixing releases like this is a very bad idea. Better options are:  


# Run the ''Add/Remove Software'' application ({{command|gpk-application}}), and install the {{package|fedora-release-rawhide}} package
* Ask the Fedora maintainer in a bug report to update the stable version if permitted by policy.
# Next, modify your software sources using the ''Software Settings'' application ({{command|gpk-prefs}})
* If not, there may be a [http://copr.fedoraproject.org/ COPR] that provides the updated version. See the COPR page for more details.
#* Leave '''only''' the ''Fedora - Rawhide'' software source enabled
* Obtain the src.rpm for the package you wish and try and rpmbuild --rebuild it (which may or may not work depending on dependencies).
# Next, update your system using the Software Update application ({{command|gpk-update-viewer}})


==== Command line ====
'''Q:''' I want to run the Rawhide kernel on my stable Fedora machine. Can I do that?
<pre>
# yum --releasever=rawhide install fedora-release-rawhide
# yum --releasever=rawhide distro-sync
</pre>


If you have third-party repositories enabled, the command may fail due to no 'Rawhide' repository being available for these; in this case, temporarily disable the offending repositories to allow the upgrade to proceed.
A: Sometimes yes. The kernel is more self contained than other Rawhide packages and you also can easily boot your older kernel if the Rawhide kernel goes wrong. Simply download and dnf install the package. However, note that Rawhide kernels often have debugging code enabled, which results in them performing noticeably worse than 'release' kernels (they will be slower and consume more memory).


You may then want to enable/disable repositories in {{filename|/etc/yum.repos.d/}} so that only the "Fedora Development" repository is enabled.  This will allow daily Rawhide updates to appear by default in desktop notifications and "yum update".
'''Q:''' Is Rawhide a "rolling release" ?


If you cannot install fedora-release-rawhide from within the package system, you can download the RPM directly from a Rawhide mirror, under: <code>development/rawhide/<arch>/os/Packages/</code> (for instance:
A: It depends on how you define that, but yes.
<code>wget http://fedora.univ-nantes.fr/fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/i386/os/Packages/fedora-release-*.noarch.rpm</code>)


== Testing Rawhide ==
'''Q:''' How can I tell when the Rawhide compose for the day has finished?


There are two important things all Rawhide testers should do. First, read the [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/test test] mailing list, where Rawhide users discuss the latest changes. You'll find discussion of significant changes and warnings of severe breakage here. Reading test-list daily is key to staying on top of Rawhide. Secondly, report all the bugs you find in Rawhide to [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla]. Remember to file bugs according to these [[BugsAndFeatureRequests|best practices]]. Please remember that bugs should always be filed in Bugzilla. Reporting bugs on the mailing list or IRC is not sufficient, as these reports rapidly become lost in history. Only on Bugzilla will they always be accessible to other testers and to the developers.
A: Check the for the reports sent to the {{fplist|test}} and the {{fplist|devel}} lists, or watch fedmsg for the {{code|org.fedoraproject.prod.pungi.compose.status.change}} topic.


Beyond that, here is some general advice which may be of use in using Rawhide:
'''Q:''' How do I get out of Rawhide again? I want to switch to the [[Branched]] release or a stable release.


* Approach the test release as a valuable chance to learn more about your system. There is a good chance you will run into some bugs in subsystems or components that you are unfamiliar with as part of the testing process. Use this an opportunity to learn more about that particular subsystem and become familiar with its documentation. Even documentation has bugs, by following up and trying to learn from the documentation you might be able to help clean up badly worded or out of date documentation as well. The more you learn, the more effective you will be in the future if you participate in the development process again. Be as proactive as you can about reading about how things work and you will have a much more valuable experience overall.
A: Remove the {{package|fedora-repos-rawhide}} package and/or disable the 'rawhide' repository ({{command|su -c 'dnf config-manager --set-disabled rawhide,rawhide-modular'}}), enable the 'fedora' and optionally 'updates' and 'updates-testing' repositories ({{command|su -c 'dnf config-manager --set-enabled fedora,fedora-modular(,updates,updates-modular,updates-testing,updates-testing-modular)'}}) and perhaps run {{command|su -c 'dnf --releasever<nowiki>=</nowiki>(version) distro-sync'}}. The farther the branch to which you want to switch is behind Rawhide, the more trouble you might have with this.
* When using yum, take the time to review the list of package actions before you proceed. Don't disable the review step.
* Become familiar with the ''/var/log/rpmpkgs'' and ''/var/log/yum.log'' log files.
* Get a notebook and make notes about system configuration changes you make. Many problems can be traced to simple configuration errors, but can appear as package update bugs. When working with other testers to confirm the problem, make notes as to the other changes you have made since the last update/reboot can be invaluable in tracing the problem down accurately.
* Keep at least one older kernel that you are confident works as expected.
* Reboot daily, to test to see if any of your updates have affected startup. Its much more difficult to track down a boot up problem that was caused by an old update if you are updating daily but have not rebooted.
* Become familiar with useful grub features for troubleshooting boot up failures.
* Don't force or ''nodeps'' any package to work around dependency problems. Instead, report them as bugs or to test-list. If no-one reports these problems, they will never get fixed, and will persist into stable releases.
* Because the development tree is not guaranteed to be internally consistent every day, you will frequently see ''yum update'' fail with errors. Don't Panic, most dependency problems will be fixed by the developers in one or two days - sometimes simply by requesting more package rebuilds. If you see a dependency problem with ''yum update'' on your system for several days in a row, and see no discussion of it on test-list, see below to decide how you should report it or if a report is necessary.
* If there is one error (such as a package depending on an old library) holding you back from a full Rawhide update, you can use ''yum update --skip-broken'' to update all other packages. However, make sure the error has been reported to the maintainer of the offending package.
* You might need to disable GPG checking in /etc/yum.conf or the fedora-devel repository in /etc/yum.repos.d if packages are incorrectly signed.


=== When to Report Update Problems ===
A possible problem is that you might miss the branching point, and your system has already a bunch of post-branch Rawhide packages installed. In that case, the dnf distro-sync will help you to get everything back on the right track.


A daily build report of the development tree sent to the fedora-test-list every morning as part of the automated push of packages out to the publicly accessible trees. The daily report contains information about new, removed and updated packages. It also contains a summary of known dependency problems for each arch for which the development tree is built. If you experience any problems updating against the development tree the first thing you should review is the last two or three build reports. If you are seeing a dependency problem summarized in the latest build report, you can be sure the developers are aware of the problem.  Package maintainers receive daily emails when their packages are on this list.
'''Q:''' As a package maintainer do I have to build rawhide packages or does the nightly compose take care of that?


Note that the broken dependency list, which is part of the daily rawhide reports, only provides the first layer of dependencies and not the entire list, this saves build time. Unlisted packages might also be affected, but fixed when one or more of the listed packages are rebuilt.
A: No. You must build for Rawhide using koji. The nightly compose only collects packages already built and marked with the appropriate target (rawhide) in koji.


If, however, the problem lingers longer than a few days on your system, and the problem package is not listed in the daily report, that could be an indication that you have run into a situational bug that not everyone is seeing. This is when you can spring into action as a tester and make a difference. But, before you file a new bug report there is a short recipe you can follow to avoid filing unnecessarily. Please remember that test releases exist primarily to help the developers identify problems so they can be fixed in time for release. Unfortunately, reactionary bug filing of duplicate or well known issues can take developer time away from actually fixing issues.
'''Q:''' Are rawhide packages signed?


# Read fedora-test-list: Go back into your archives or the web archives for fedora-test-list and read over the threads for the last 48 hours and see if there has been any discussion about the specific update errors you have been seeing. Generally, these sorts of errors are seen by most everyone with similar hardware, so there's a very good chance that other testers are already discussing it. Please don't post a new post to fedora-test-list until after you have reviewed the last 48 hours worth of posts. Having multiple discussions about the same issue is a drain on other testers and developers.
A: They are. All of them are now signed. Make sure you have gpgcheck=1 set in your repo file to take advantage of this.
# Search [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla]: Search to see if there are any reports about the update issue you have seen.
# Drop a note into fedora-test-list: Please start a new thread only after you have attempted to find a previous discussion of this problem in the test-list or in bugzilla. Other testers can help you confirm the problem. If they can't confirm it they can help you determine if its a configuration problem or user error on your part. The test-list is a great way to obtain assistance from other more experienced testers, but please do what you can to use the archives responsibly to avoid duplication of information and discussion.
# File a new bug report: If the exact nature of the dependency problem during updating is lingering for several days, or if the problem seems specialized to your situation and it doesn't appear that the developer is aware of this problem, file a new bug. If you are unsure how to file, experienced testers in fedora-test-list can make suggestions. Please don't assume its a yum bug. Most dependency issues are packaging bugs in one of the packages detailed in the error messages.


=== What does it mean when something "hits Rawhide"? ===
== Hints and Tips ==


Rawhide is automatically generated once daily from the latest packages that are built. Packages that are built one day are generally in rawhide the next day. For the curious, the build is done at Midnight US Eastern, 0400/0500 UTC.
* Your package management system can be of great help in diagnosing and working around issues you find. Do read up and understand:
** {{command|dnf downgrade}}
** {{command|dnf history}}
** {{command|dnf update --skip-broken}}
** {{command|koji download-build}}


=== What is a rawhide "push"? ===
* You should update frequently (preferably every day). This allows you to more easily narrow down when a problem or issue appeared. If you apply a week of Rawhide updates at once you have many more packages to examine to narrow down issues.


A rawhide push is simply the rawhide spin for that day. Occasionally, if the push is extremely broken, it may be regenerated more than once.
* Reboot often (preferably whenever new kernels arrive). This allows you to test the boot up process and packages related to it, as well as newer kernels. Read and understand the Dracut troubleshooting steps.  


=== Where do I communicate issues in Rawhide ? ===
* Follow the {{fplist|test}} and the {{fplist|devel}} lists for rawhide issues, try and at least skim them before doing your daily Rawhide updates. Look for '[rawhide]' subjects or reports of issues. Additionally if you find a problem and are not sure what to file bugs against you can open a discussion there.


Use the fedora-test list or {{fpchat|#fedora-qa}} IRC channel in http://freenode.net. For bugs, report them to [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Bugzilla]
* Rawhide kernels are often built with varying degrees of debugging code enabled, which will result in worse performance and increased resource usage. See [[KernelDebugStrategy]] for details on exactly what debugging code is enabled for which kernel builds. You can disable SLUB debugging for those builds for which it is enabled by passing "slub_debug=-" to your kernel command line in {{filename|/etc/default/grub}} (and re-generating your grub config, or just adding it directly). Additionally, you can run kernels in the [[RawhideKernelNodebug|Rawhide Kernel Nodebug]] repo that have all debugging disabled.


=== How can I know what is changing in Rawhide? ===
* If you are using a graphical desktop environment in your Rawhide install, you may wish to install several of them. This allows you to still login and troubleshoot when your primary desktop environment is not working for some reason.


Nightly reports are sent to fedora-test-list and fedora-devel-list, with the subject 'rawhide report: <date> changes'.
* Have a rescue media handy of the current stable Fedora release for emergencies.
Included in these reports are lists of packages that have been added, removed, or updated (with short changelog snippets), along with a list of any broken dependencies.


Good resources for the state of many Fedora projects:
== History ==
* http://git.fedoraproject.org/
 
* https://fedorahosted.org/
Red Hat Linux "Raw Hide" announcement: [http://lwn.net/1998/0820/rawhide.html on lwn]
 
The name might come from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawhide_%28song%29 the song with the same name] that starts with "Rolling, rolling, rolling, ..."
 
At one time, Rawhide would freeze before release milestones. This was changed with the [[No_Frozen_Rawhide_Proposal]] and Branched process which we now follow.

Revision as of 17:30, 31 August 2019

Rawhide is the name given to the current development version of Fedora. It consists of a package repository called "rawhide" and contains the latest build of all Fedora packages updated on a daily basis. Each day, an attempt is made to create a full set of 'deliverables' (installation images and so on), and all that compose successfully are included in the Rawhide tree for that day.

Rawhide is sometimes called "development" or "master" (as it's the "master" branch in package git repositories).

Goals

Rawhide has the following Goals:

  • To allow package maintainers to integrate the newest usable versions of their packages into Fedora.
  • To allow advanced users access to the newest usable packages in a rolling manner.
  • To allow incremental changes to packages that are either too minor or major to go to stable Fedora releases.
  • To identify and fix issues with packages before they reach a stable release of Fedora.
  • To allow a place where certain low-level packages (approved by FESCo), including (but not limited to) glibc and gcc, can gain real-world testing of pre-release versions.

Audience

Rawhide is targeted at advanced users, testers and package maintainers.

As a Rawhide consumer, you should:

  • Be willing to update on an almost daily basis. Rawhide gets hundreds of updates a day, and applying those updates on a regular basis allows you to more easily isolate when a bug appeared and what package(s) are responsible.
  • Be willing and able to troubleshoot problems. From time to time there are problems with Rawhide packages, and you will need strong troubleshooting skills and the ability to gather information for bug reports. You need a good understanding of dnf and how to downgrade packages, as well as boot time troubleshooting.
  • Have time and desire to always be able to learn new interfaces and changes. Rawhide packages stick closely to upstream projects, so interfaces and command-line options are subject to frequent changes.
  • Be willing to reboot frequently to test new kernel versions and confirm functionality of the boot process. If you can't reboot often, consider using a stable release instead.
  • Be willing and able to report bugs to bugzilla as you find them and help maintainers gather information to fix them.

If the above doesn't match you, you may wish to instead follow the Branched release (depending on the point in the release cycle) or use regular stable Fedora releases.

Using Rawhide

This section discusses how to use Rawhide, as a live system or permanently installed.

Using a test system

If you are not able or wanting to run Rawhide as your primary system you could instead run it:

  • As a live environment only
  • In a virtual machine (VM) instance
  • On a secondary system
  • On a multiboot system, alongside a stable release of Fedora or another operating system

This allows you to test Rawhide without any impact to your day-to-day workflow.

Install from nightly composes

Each day (or sometimes more than once per day) , a full 'compose' of the tree is attempted. This will usually result in the creation of all or most of the usual install, live and disk images, installer trees and so forth. Successful composes are synced to the /fedora/linux/development/ directory on the mirrors, and you can find the images there.

Each successful compose is tested by openQA and a mail summarizing the results is sent to the devel and test mailing lists, so you can check the openQA interface or the 'compose check report' emails to check whether that day's compose is installable. You may also use the nightly image finder tool maintained and hosted by a Fedora QA team member, which conveniently offers the last completed build for each image and the last that passed all tests, for openQA or Autocloud-tested images.

At least the Server and Everything network install images should always be present, as composes are considered to have failed if creation of those images fails. However, at present they are not guaranteed to be working every day.

Follow the normal installation procedure to install Rawhide.

For PXE installations, the relevant files can be found in the pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/Everything/(arch)/os/images/pxeboot directory.

Using nightlies in the past was a fragile way to install Rawhide, but with improved compose processes since Fedora 24 and automated testing since Fedora 23, their quality has improved substantially and this will often result in the best experience.


Point installer to Rawhide

You can sometimes install Rawhide by using a stable install media and pointing it to the Rawhide repositories for packages to install. In the past this was sometimes considered a more reliable method than using a Rawhide compose, but with improvements to the compose and test process in the last few years this is rarely likely to be a good choice any longer. If you wish to try it, however, you can:

  1. Download the latest stable or branched install media (network install or offline ("DVD") installer image)
  2. Copy to local media (USB or DVD or CD)
  3. Boot media and go to the 'Installation Source' screen and manually enter: https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/Everything/x86_64/os/ (or i386 for 32-bit)
  4. Finish the install as normal.

For this method to work, there should be no major changes in Rawhide that the installer is not ready for, such as packages it depends on being retired or other similar situations.

Upgrade from existing stable install

You may use DNF_system_upgrade to upgrade from the most recent stable release. You will need to have such an install in place and should definitely update to the newest updates before starting. As an exception, if you are using a immutable variant like Silverblue, you may use rpm-ostree rebase to perform the upgrade, see Fedora Docs for more details.

This method may fail if there are upgrade path issues (newer packages in stable or than Rawhide), or broken dependencies.

Depending on the release schedule, it might happen that your system doesn't yet have updated GPG keys for Rawhide. Then the upgrade process might exit with an error regarding missing/unknown GPG keys (right after the download phase). If that's the case, look for updates in updates-testing:

sudo dnf update fedora-release\* fedora-repos\* fedora-gpg-keys --enablerepo=updates-testing

If that doesn't help, run the upgrade with --releasever=NN (where NN is the release number of current Rawhide) instead of --releasever=rawhide. As the last option (which really shouldn't be needed, and puts your system at risk), you can upgrade insecurely by appending --nogpgcheck.

Discussing Rawhide

There are a number of ways to communicate with other Rawhide users:

IRC

Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the #fedora-devel[?] and #fedora-qa[?] IRC channels.

Mailing Lists

Rawhide discussion is on topic and welcome in both the test and devel lists.

Bugzilla

Rawhide bugs should be reported against the Fedora product, rawhide version and the affected component. Please do follow best practices when filing. Remember that IRC and mailing lists are useful to help narrow down if some behavior is a bug or where to report it, but are themselves not bug reporting channels. Always file bugs in Bugzilla.

Note that broken dependencies are mailed to maintainers for each daily Rawhide compose where a package has such broken dependencies. Therefore, it's usually not worth filing a bug for broken dependencies unless they don't appear in the daily report, or you have a fix or improvement to suggest.

Producing Rawhide

Package owners must build for rawhide using koji just like you would any other build; you do not go through the bodhi process and the build becomes available almost immediately.

The Rawhide repository is composed every day starting at 05:15UTC. All rawhide builds in the buildsystem at that time are included in the compose attempt. The compose process also attempts to build all the standard Fedora 'deliverables' (live and install images, ARM and Cloud disk images, Docker images and so on). If any release-blocking image fails to build as part of the compose, the compose is considered to have failed. If the compose completes successfully, the compose will be 'synced out' to the mirror system. (A system where the sync only happens if a set of automated tests run on it passes is planned, but not yet fully implemented). Rawhide is under "development/rawhide" on the mirrors. You can find a local "development" mirror on the public mirror list. Compose time varies depending on number of changes but is typically between 5 and 8 hours.

Composes are done in a rawhide chroot using the 'pungi' tool called from a script maintained by Fedora Release engineering. If the base set of packages in Rawhide needed to compose Rawhide are broken, the daily compose may fail.

A report for each Rawhide compose is sent to to the test and the devel lists. This report contains output from the 'repodiff' tool from the previous compose as well as a broken dependency report for packages with broken dependencies. Additionally, private email is sent to maintainers with packages containing broken dependencies.

Package maintainers should read and follow the Rawhide updates policy for building any packages in Rawhide.

If needed and approved by FESCo, Mass Rebuilds are done by release-engineering in Rawhide a month or so before the next release branches from it. Typically these are done for a global change over all packages such as a new gcc release, or rpm package format.

Questions and Answers

Q: Doesn't rawhide eat babies / kill pets / burn down houses / break constantly?

A: No. Please stop telling everyone that.

Q: So Rawhide is very stable and we can all use it?

A: No. See audience above. There are things that break from time to time, but if you are able to downgrade or troubleshoot such issues aren't too severe. Most users should still stick to stable Fedora releases, but Rawhide is a viable option for enthusiasts to experiment with.

Q: I'm using a Stable Fedora release, but I want a newer package version that's only available in Rawhide. Can I just dnf install it?

A: No. Mixing releases like this is a very bad idea. Better options are:

  • Ask the Fedora maintainer in a bug report to update the stable version if permitted by policy.
  • If not, there may be a COPR that provides the updated version. See the COPR page for more details.
  • Obtain the src.rpm for the package you wish and try and rpmbuild --rebuild it (which may or may not work depending on dependencies).

Q: I want to run the Rawhide kernel on my stable Fedora machine. Can I do that?

A: Sometimes yes. The kernel is more self contained than other Rawhide packages and you also can easily boot your older kernel if the Rawhide kernel goes wrong. Simply download and dnf install the package. However, note that Rawhide kernels often have debugging code enabled, which results in them performing noticeably worse than 'release' kernels (they will be slower and consume more memory).

Q: Is Rawhide a "rolling release" ?

A: It depends on how you define that, but yes.

Q: How can I tell when the Rawhide compose for the day has finished?

A: Check the for the reports sent to the test and the devel lists, or watch fedmsg for the org.fedoraproject.prod.pungi.compose.status.change topic.

Q: How do I get out of Rawhide again? I want to switch to the Branched release or a stable release.

A: Remove the Package-x-generic-16.pngfedora-repos-rawhide package and/or disable the 'rawhide' repository (su -c 'dnf config-manager --set-disabled rawhide,rawhide-modular'), enable the 'fedora' and optionally 'updates' and 'updates-testing' repositories (su -c 'dnf config-manager --set-enabled fedora,fedora-modular(,updates,updates-modular,updates-testing,updates-testing-modular)') and perhaps run su -c 'dnf --releasever=(version) distro-sync'. The farther the branch to which you want to switch is behind Rawhide, the more trouble you might have with this.

A possible problem is that you might miss the branching point, and your system has already a bunch of post-branch Rawhide packages installed. In that case, the dnf distro-sync will help you to get everything back on the right track.

Q: As a package maintainer do I have to build rawhide packages or does the nightly compose take care of that?

A: No. You must build for Rawhide using koji. The nightly compose only collects packages already built and marked with the appropriate target (rawhide) in koji.

Q: Are rawhide packages signed?

A: They are. All of them are now signed. Make sure you have gpgcheck=1 set in your repo file to take advantage of this.

Hints and Tips

  • Your package management system can be of great help in diagnosing and working around issues you find. Do read up and understand:
    • dnf downgrade
    • dnf history
    • dnf update --skip-broken
    • koji download-build
  • You should update frequently (preferably every day). This allows you to more easily narrow down when a problem or issue appeared. If you apply a week of Rawhide updates at once you have many more packages to examine to narrow down issues.
  • Reboot often (preferably whenever new kernels arrive). This allows you to test the boot up process and packages related to it, as well as newer kernels. Read and understand the Dracut troubleshooting steps.
  • Follow the test and the devel lists for rawhide issues, try and at least skim them before doing your daily Rawhide updates. Look for '[rawhide]' subjects or reports of issues. Additionally if you find a problem and are not sure what to file bugs against you can open a discussion there.
  • Rawhide kernels are often built with varying degrees of debugging code enabled, which will result in worse performance and increased resource usage. See KernelDebugStrategy for details on exactly what debugging code is enabled for which kernel builds. You can disable SLUB debugging for those builds for which it is enabled by passing "slub_debug=-" to your kernel command line in /etc/default/grub (and re-generating your grub config, or just adding it directly). Additionally, you can run kernels in the Rawhide Kernel Nodebug repo that have all debugging disabled.
  • If you are using a graphical desktop environment in your Rawhide install, you may wish to install several of them. This allows you to still login and troubleshoot when your primary desktop environment is not working for some reason.
  • Have a rescue media handy of the current stable Fedora release for emergencies.

History

Red Hat Linux "Raw Hide" announcement: on lwn

The name might come from the song with the same name that starts with "Rolling, rolling, rolling, ..."

At one time, Rawhide would freeze before release milestones. This was changed with the No_Frozen_Rawhide_Proposal and Branched process which we now follow.