Upgrading Fedora using package manager/it

Aggiornare Fedora usando Yum

Sebbene gli aggiornamenti mediante yum siano stati testati e funzionano, gli aggiornamenti live non sono consigliati dal Fedora Project. Se non sei preparato ad affrontare e risolvere problemi per conto tuo se qualcosa va storto, dovresti preferibilmente utilizzare uno dei metodi di installazioni consigliati.

Il metodo di installazione raccomandato è quello mediante un supporto di boot contenente il programma Anaconda, come specificato nella guida all'installazione. PreUpgrade è un metodo di aggiornamento leggermente differente, attraverso cui tutti i pacchetti sono pre-scaricati prima che il sistema venga riavviato per l'esecuzione del programma di installazione Anaconda.

Quando si esegue un aggiornamento con yum, non si ottiene alcun aiuto dal programma di installazione Anaconda, ma con un po' di fortuna è possibile aggiornare sistemi - anche da remoto via ssh - senza aggravare il downtime. Tuttavia il sistema deve essere comunque riavviato per far si che vengano eseguiti il nuovo kernel e le librerie di sistema aggiornate, quindi al momento non è possibile azzerare completamente il tempo di fermo macchina. Il riavvio dopo un aggiornamento di questo tipo è sempre molto eccitante!

Disponendo di un'installazione tipica e seguendo i consigli qui riportati, l'aggiornamento live con yum si comporta correttamente nella stragrande maggioranza dei casi.

Come partecipare

Se stai eseguendo un upgrade usando Yum e riscontri un problema generale di dipendenze, lo puoi segnalare su http://bugzilla.redhat.com, ma prima leggi sia questa pagina sia tutte quelle linkate e cerca negli archivi della mailing list per assicurarti che non sia un problema già conosciuto. E ovviamente, aiutaci a mantenere questa pagina aggiornata.

Se desideri aiutare nello sforzo di rendere gli aggiornamenti live sempre più funzionali, entra a far parte del SIGs/LiveUpgrade Live Upgrade Special Interest Group.

Istruzioni per l'aggiornamento usando yum

0. Backup del sistema

Esegui il backup di tutti i dati personali su un disco esterno o un altro computer. Se si presenterà un errore irrecuperabile, tale da richiedere un'installazione fresca, non perderai i tuoi dati.

1. Leggi i problemi ricorrenti

In una sezione successiva di questa pagina c'è un elenco di problemi comuni relativi alle specifiche versioni. Alcuni di questi richiedono attenzione prima eseguire l'aggiornamento.

Consigli generali sull'aggiornamento di Fedora possono essere trovati alla pagina DistributionUpgrades. Dovresti inoltre leggere la guida all'installazione e le note di rilascio della versione verso cui intendi eseguire l'aggiornamento - questi documenti contengono importanti informazioni riguardo i problemi di aggiornamento. Infine, controlla l'elenco dei bug (F10).

2. Fai pulizia

Verifica ed elimina tutti i file .rpmsave e .rpmnew prima e dopo l'aggiornamento. (E se è abilitato selinux, ricorda di controllare il contesto di sicurezza se hai spostato file di configurazione in giro.)

Trovare i file di configurazione inutilizzati
Effettua il merge e risolvi le modifiche determinate dallo script seguente: for a in $(find /etc /var -name '*.rpm?*'); do diff -u $a ${a%.rpm?*}; done.

A questo punto è consigliabile rimuovere tutti i pacchetti non utilizzati - in particolare quelli non standard.

Trovare e verificare i pacchetti "inutilizzati"
Puoi determinare i pacchetti che non sono necessari per nessun altro pacchetto con il programma package-cleanup contenuto nel pacchetto yum-utils: yum install yum-utils; package-cleanup --leaves. Questi pacchetti sono ottimi candidati per la rimozione, ma prima verifica di non usarli direttamente o che non siano utilizzati da altre applicazioni non contenuti in pacchetti rpm. Eliminali con il comando rpm -e package-name-and-version.

Trovare e verificare i pacchetti "perduti"
Puoi determinare i pacchetti orfani (cioè non più ospitati in nessun repositorio) con il comando: package-cleanup --orphans. Questo mostra inoltre i pacchetti che sono stati solo parzialmente disinstallati perchè sono incorsi in un errore durante l'esecuzione dello script "%postun" del pacchetto rpm.

Assicurati di aver installato il pacchetto yum-fastestmirror cosicchè yum utilizzi il mirror più veloce.

yum install yum-fastestmirror

Quindi elimina tutte le tracce della versione di Fedora di partenza dalla cache di yum, contenuta nella directory /var/cache/yum.

yum clean all

3. Cambia repositori

Aggiorna i pacchetti che determinano queli repositori vengono utilizzati da yum.

rpm -Uhv ftp://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/<ReleaseNumber>/Fedora/<Arch>/os/Packages/fedora-release-*.noarch.rpm

(L'architettura non importa poichè questo è un pacchetto noarch.)

Assicurati che i file dei nuovi repositori non siano salvati come .rpmnew, per esempio:

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo

If you have 3rd party repos configured then enable their repositories for the new Fedora version. If you switch from one Fedora relase to another there is often nothing that needs to be done; is you switch to rawhide then you most of the time need to install the rawhide release rpms from the 3rd party repo as well.

Note that the upgrade is likely to fail if there are outdated dependencies from packages not backed by a yum repo or backed by a repo which isn't ready for the new version.

4. Do the upgrade

If using selinux make sure it is in permissive mode - neither disabled nor enforcing.

It is a good idea to do the upgrade outside the graphical environment. Log out of your graphical desktop and then go to a text console

ctrl + alt + F2

log in as root, and go into runlevel 3

telinit 3

Once a live upgrade is started do not stop the upgrade by rebooting, killing the process, or by any other method until it is complete, doing so will cause the affected system to be in a mixed state. Partially the old release and partially the new release. In this state the system will not be reliable and will not operate as expected. The only way to recover from this is to reinstall if it occurs.

Update important packages first
You can start try to update the update machinery first with yum update rpm\* yum\*. Another idea is to start with glibc. In both cases dependencies might however expand it to an almost full upgrade anyway. And doing a full upgrade might be more safe. YMMV. (In particular, do not upgrade rpm and yum separately if upgrading to a system with a different version of python e.g. 2.4 to 2.5.)

Upgrade all packages with

yum upgrade

yum might complain about conflicts or requirements. That is probably because you have used non-standard repositories or installed non-standard packages manually. Try to guess which packages cause the problem (or at least is a part of the dependency chain) - uninstall them and try again. Remember to install the packages again if they are essential.

Ensure that all (new) essential packages from the new version is installed with

yum groupupdate Base

You might want to update other groups too, see

yum grouplist

For example

yum groupupdate "GNOME Desktop Environment" \
"Development Tools" "Server Configuration Tools" \
"Hardware Support" "Sound and Video" \
"Graphical Internet" "Fonts" \
"Games and Entertainment" "Printing Software" \
"Administration Tools" "Office/Productivity" "System Tools"

5. Preparing for reboot

Before booting you should usually install the bootloader from your new grub by running

/sbin/grub-install BOOTDEVICE

- where BOOTDEVICE usually is /dev/sda (If you get an error '/dev/sda does not have any corresponding BIOS drive' from that, then try /sbin/grub-install --recheck /dev/sda.)

Also, the order of init scripts could have changed from the previous version. A command to reset the order is:

cd /etc/rc.d/init.d; for f in *; do /sbin/chkconfig $f resetpriorities; done

Again, run package-cleanup --orphans to find packages that hasn't been upgraded.

Version specific notes

Fedora 10 -> Fedora 11 (tentative)

• Direct upgrade from Fedora 9 to Fedora 11 is not possible, a dependency error referring to rpmlib(FileDigests) will be reported. You must upgrade to Fedora 10 (including Fedora 10 updates), then upgrade to Fedora 11.
• Make sure all Fedora 10 updates are applied before upgrading to Fedora 11, otherwise a dependency error referring to rpmlib(FileDigests) may be reported.
• According to Dave Jones on the Fedora kernel team, users upgrading from Fedora 10 -> 11 who do not have the PAE kernel installed will be moved to a 586 kernel. Refer to his blog post for details. Iff /proc/cpuinfo flags contains pae you should install and use kernel-PAE.i686.

Fedora 9 -> Fedora 10

• Check the Fedora 10 Installation Guide and Fedora 10 Release Notes
• fedora-release packages can be found at rpm -Uvh ftp://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/10/Fedora/i386/os/Packages/fedora-release-*.noarch.rpm
• GDM starts on tty1 by default, not tty7.
• anaconda by default now refers to encrypted devices by UUID, not by device name, to better handle device name changes. An encrypted device using partition /dev/sda1 with UUID 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012 would now be called /dev/mapper/luks-12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012 instead of /dev/mapper/luks-sda1. You may wish to make the same changes on your system on upgrade; if you do, make sure to run mkinitrd afterwards.
• If you use non-root encrypted devices, you will need to re-run mkinitrd for any older kernels that you want to still boot on the system.
• It's been reported that there are problems with Pidgin i.e.:
  • pidgin-2.5.2-2.fc9.i386 from installed has depsolving problems - Error: Missing Dependency: libedataserver-1.2.so.9 is needed by package pidgin-2.5.2-2.fc9.i386 (installed)
  • the fix was to remove Pidgin

Fedora 8 -> Fedora 9

• Check the Installer section in Release Notes)
• After "the incident" you should use updated fedora-release packages from rpm -Uvh ftp://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/updates/9/i386.newkey/fedora-release-*.noarch.rpm
• If you are running as a xen Host (Dom0) you should not upgrade to Fedora 9. [1]
• Upgrading the thunderbird package will fail . The current workaround is yum remove thunderbird; yum install thunderbird>.
• If you are upgrading to Fedora 9 and use emacs, you must upgrade to the latest version of emacs for your prior release to ensure a clean upgrade. Fedora 8 users must have emacs-22.1-10.fc8 or later, while Fedora 7 users must have emacs-22.1-7.fc7. Bug report here .
• Due to the switch from sysvinit to Upstart , it is recommended that users who do an upgrade on a live filesystem to Fedora 9 reboot soon afterwards. If you do not reboot, you may want to take careful note of any '/etc/inittab.rpmsave' or '/etc/inittab.rpmnew' files. When rebooting after an upgrade then be aware that sysvinit that was used to start the system can't be used to shut it down.
• You may find that after upgrading, you can no longer log in to GNOME. If this is the case, use ctrl-alt-F1 to access command prompt, then check the tail of .xsession-errors. If you see a comment like "(named color or font does not exist)", then you may be able to fix this using http://matthew.peach.net.nz/2008/05/18/how-to-fix-badname-named-color-or-font-does-not-exist-error/.

Fedora 7 -> Fedora 8

• New pulseaudio and flash support packages must be installed manually:

yum groupinstall sound-and-video gnome-desktop (if you are using Gnome)
yum groupinstall sound-and-video kde-desktop (if you are using KDE)
yum install libflashsupport paman padevchooser

• The Fedora 7 avahi packagage fails to uninstall; remove it manually with

rpm -e --noscripts avahi-0.6.17-1.fc7

• On 64 bit machines (x86_64) you may have to remove some 32 bit libraries. For example dbus:

yum erase dbus.i386

• You may find it easier to use the yum shell to stack these commands in a single transaction:

yum shell
> erase dbus.i386
> update
> run

• A lot of KDE packages are no longer multilib in F8. If you are on x86_64, you will need to erase the i386 versions of these packages by hand, like so:

yum erase kde{accessibility{,-devel},base,edu,graphics,multimedia{,-extras},network,sdk,utils{,-devel},webdev}.i386

• Various other packages including Beryl are no longer in F8 and not obsoleted:

yum erase beryl\*

Fedora Core 6 -> Fedora 7

• Fedora 7 replaces the old IDE subsystem with libata. Drive device names which previously started /dev/hd.. will become /dev/sd.. after the upgrade. /dev/hda1 will usually become /dev/sda1, although there may not be a direct relationship between the old and new device names (for example hdd does not necessarily become sdd). Before you reboot be sure to change all references to /dev/hd.. in your config, especially /etc/fstab - where it however may be simpler to refer to filesystems by label (check out the programs blkid, tune2fs, and mlabel). LVM Volume names are not affected. In /boot/grub/device.map change /dev/hd.. to /dev/sd.. before running grub-install - and don't change (hd0). Changing /boot/grub/grub.conf may also be required.

• The libata layer represents all hard disks as SCSI disks, which are limited to 15 partitions in the kernel. IDE hard disks with more than 15 partitions are not supported in Fedora 7.

• On a system which has been upgraded from releases prior to FC6 you may need to remove up2date and rhnlib rpm -e rhnlib up2date

• If you see the message package gpm-1.20.1-84.fc6 (which is newer than gpm-1.20.1-83.fc7) is already installed when performing a yum update uninstall and reinstall the gpm package.

• If you had installed Suns jre it might be removed during upgrade. Be aware that jre-6u1/jre-1.6.0_01-fcs requires compat-libstdc++-33.

• If you get Error: Missing Dependency: python(abi) = 2.4 is needed by package libxml2-python and/or Error: Missing Dependency: python(abi) = 2.4 is needed by package rpm-python during your yum upgrade ensure you have done a yum clean all and check that both the base and updates repositories are available from your mirror. You will need the updates repo for the upgrade to succeed.

• Since Fedora Core 6 uses python 2.4 and Fedora 7 uses python 2.5, do not try and run yum upgrade yum\* rpm\* before upgrading everything else - this succeeds but leaves yum in an unusable state.

Fedora Core 5 -> Fedora Core 6

• After upgrading, you cannot use the DVD ISO loopback mounted as a repository directly (e.g. no baseurl=file:///mnt/fc6/) because the repodata files contain URLs of type media:// which yum can't handle. You can use the loopback-mounted DVD for the initial upgrade from FC5 -> FC6, just not thereafter. After removing the baseurl=file:/// option from your fedora-core.repo file, remember to yum clean all.

Fedora Core 4 -> Fedora Core 5

• Before upgrading update your kernel first.

• Make sure you have the latest kernel ABOVE 2.6.14 and uninstall all kernel versions before it, otherwise initscripts and a few other packages will conflict and prevent the ugprade. Use something like the command below

• Install fedora-release in the Fedora Core 5 version. Check our mirror sites for a faster download.

• Update your system

• After upgrading, selinux permissions may be incorrect, causing interesting failures such as metacity not starting. As suggested below, to fix this, run touch /.autorelabel and reboot

Fedora Core 3 -> Fedora Core 4

• make sure you're on the latest version of yum for FC3:

yum update yum

• Download fedora-release for FC4:
• wget http://yourmirrorhere/pub/fedora/linux/core/4/$yourarch/os/Fedora/RPMS/fedora-release-4-2.noarch.rpm
• rpm -Uvh /path/to/fedora-release-4-2.noarch.rpm
• yum update ( This will start the upgradation process to FC4)
• Once you have updated, run: yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment" (change GNOME to KDE if appropriate). That'll get you some new packages that were added in FC4 like Evince and NetworkManager.
• Some new groups were added - yum grouplist - check out Eclipse and Java Development in particular.

Problems:

• Postgres database in FC4 has a newer incompatible format from the previous versions. Manual dump and restoration is required if you using this database. Look at the postgres documentation for more details on this.

• kernel requires kernel-utils (or vice-versa) run:

yum update kernel
reboot
yum remove kernel-2.6.11\*FC3\*
yum upgrade
reboot

• Takes forever and a day and hangs at:

Reading repository metadata in from local files This means you have too much crap in your rpmdb and it's taking a while to go through it. Check out how many kernels you have installed: rpm -q kernel kernel-smp and remove the old ones you may also try running: rpm --rebuilddb and see if it helps any. I've found that removing old kernels and rebuilding the rpmdb helped this problem.

• x86_64 upgrade requires removal of certain i386 packages before update

yum remove perl.i386
TODO: Add list of bonobo i386 packages to remove here

• Error: Missing Dependency: libpython2.3.so.1.0 is needed by package koffice

koffice was removed from Fedora Core and not moved to extras - so there's no way to complete an upgrade to FC4 without removing it. run:

yum remove koffice

then your update should complete.

• x86_64 systems seems to hang during "Running Transaction Test"

Seems related to Bug 155730 -- Maybe a update to the "rpm-4.3.3-3.0.fc3" (currently in updates-testing) might solve this. Ugly workaround (to be done as root):

: > /var/log/lastlog

• GPG check fails with this message :

warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e
public key not available for <some_package>
Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora

The GPG key at file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora (0x4F2A6FD2)
is already installed but is not the correct key for this package.
Check that this is the correct key for the "Fedora Core 4 - i386 - Base" repository.

Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo and replace the line

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora

with:

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY

• SELinux gets messed up. I had to redownload the selinux-policy-targeted RPM from my mirror, do a forced uninstall of the old package, clean out the .rpmnew and .rpmsave files then install the new policy. Then I had to run "/sbin/fixfiles relabel" and wait. If I didn't do that, I found I couldn't log in.
• If SELinux does give you problems, it can be disabled on bootup by pressing "a" on the grub bootup menu, then adding "enforcing=off" to the arguments list.

• RPM complains about missing diskspace, but there is a lot free. If you are really sure your diskspace is enough, set

diskspacecheck=0
</code> in <code>/etc/yum.conf</code>.
The RPM transaction will need a lot of diskspace temporarily (much more than one might think), so be careful.
Don't forget to remove that later after the upgrade.

* Yum complains about files conflicting in the GCC package.  This system was upgraded from Fedora Core 1.  Remove the gcc32 package:
<pre>
sudo rpm -e gcc32

• Some of your modules don't load after the upgrade. When you investigate modprobe doesn't work as expected. Run depmod:

sudo depmod -ae -F /boot/System.map-[your <code>uname -a</code> kernel version here] 

• Yum has been reported to be hanging after upgrading. Updating the pysqlite package might fix it.

Fedora Core 2 -> Fedora Core 3

Go here for most of this info: http://linux.duke.edu/~skvidal/misc/fc2-fc3-update-with-yum.txt

Fedora Core 1 -> Fedora Core 2

Just Upgrade using anaconda - save yourself a world of pain. But if you really want to try, there's these hints by Seth Vidal: http://linux.duke.edu/~skvidal/misc/fc1-fc2-yum-hints.txt