4. Managing Software with yum
Use the yum utility to modify the software on your system in four ways:
- To install new software from package repositories
- To install new software from an individual package file
- To update existing software on your system
- To remove unwanted software from your system
The
yum commands shown in this section use repositories as package sources. Refer to Installing Software from an Isolated Package for details of using yum to install software from an individual package file.To use yum, specify a function and one or more packages or package groups. Each section below gives some examples.
For each operation, yum downloads the latest package information from the configured repositories. If your system uses a slow network connection yum may require several seconds to download the repository indexes and the header files for each package.
The yum utility searches these data files to determine the best set of actions to produce the required result, and displays the transaction for you to approve. The transaction may include the installation, update, or removal of additional packages, in order to resolve software dependencies.
This is an example of the transaction for installing tsclient:
============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: tsclient i386 0.132-6 base 247 k Installing for dependencies: rdesktop i386 1.4.0-2 base 107 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 2 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 355 k Is this ok [y/N] :
Example 1. Format of yum Transaction Reports
Review the list of changes, and then press [y] to accept and begin the process. If you press [N] or [Enter] , yum does not download or change any packages.
The
yum utility only displays and uses the newest version of each package, unless you specify an older version.The yum utility also imports the repository public key if it is not already installed on the rpm keyring.
This is an example of the public key import:
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2 public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 "Fedora Project <fedora@redhat.com>" Is this ok [y/N] :
Example 2. Format of yum Public Key Import
Check the public key, and then press [y] to import the key and authorize the key for use. If you press [N] or [Enter] , yum stops without installing any packages.
To ensure that downloaded packages are genuine, yum verifies the digital signature of each package against the public key of the provider. Once all of the packages required for the transaction are successfully downloaded and verified, yum applies them to your system.
Every completed transaction records the affected packages in the log file
/var/log/yum.log. You may only read this file with root access.4.1. Installing New Software with yum
To install the package tsclient, enter the command:
su -c 'yum install tsclient'
Enter the password for the root account when prompted.
To install the package group MySQL Database, enter the command:
su -c 'yum groupinstall "MySQL Database"'
Enter the password for the root account when prompted.
When you install a service, Fedora does not activate or start it. To configure a new service to run on bootup, choose System → Administration → Services from the top desktop panel, or use the
chkconfig and service command-line utilities.
4.2. Updating Software with yum
To update the tsclient package to the latest version, type:
su -c 'yum update tsclient'
Enter the password for the root account when prompted.
If a piece of software is in use when you update it, the old version remains active until the application or service is restarted. Kernel updates take effect when you reboot the system.
Kernel packages remain on the system after they have been superseded by newer versions. This enables you to boot your system with an older kernel if an error occurs with the current kernel. To minimize maintenance, yum automatically removes obsolete kernel packages from your system, retaining only the current kernel and the previous version.
To update all of the packages in the package group MySQL Database, enter the command:
su -c 'yum groupupdate "MySQL Database"'
Enter the password for the root account when prompted.
To update all of the packages on your Fedora system, use the commands described in Updating Your System with yum.
4.3. Removing Software with yum
To remove software, yum examines your system for both the specified software, and any software which claims it as a dependency. The transaction to remove the software deletes both the software and the dependencies.
To remove the tsclient package from your system, use the command:
su -c 'yum remove tsclient'
Enter the password for the root account when prompted.
To remove all of the packages in the package group MySQL Database, enter the command:
su -c 'yum groupremove "MySQL Database"'
Enter the password for the root account when prompted.
The removal process leaves user data in place but may remove configuration files in some cases. If a package removal does not include the configuration file, and you reinstall the package later, it may reuse the old configuration file.
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